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Nini kinapelekea mimba kuharibika au kupata mtoto mmoja pekee wa kwanza ikiwa baba ana kundi la damu positive (+) yani A+,B+,AB+ au O+ na mama negative (-) yani A-,B-,AB- au O-. Umewahi kujiuliza hili swali? basi leo nina majibu yako hapa kupitia #WapwaNaAfya Image
Kwanza kabisa kila mtu ana kundi moja la damu kati ya haya makundi manne (A,B,AB au O) kundi ambalo umelipata baada ya mchanganyo wa vinasaba kutoka kwa wazazi wako. Makundi ya damu huenda mbele zaidi na kutofautishwa kama negative- au positive+ kitaalamu tunaita rhesus (Rh).
Kabla ya ujauzito wengi tumekuwa hatufatilii makundi yetu ya damu pasipo kujua ni kitu muhimu sana kwa wote iwe mwanaume au mwanamke. Nimewahi kuelezea kwa undani zaidi kuhusu makundi ya damu: Unaweza kupitia hapa kisha tuendelee.
Sasa kwa baba mtarajiwa na mama mtarajiwa, ikitokea mama ni Rh negative (-) na baba positive (+) harafu huyu mama akapata mimba na mtoto akarithi Rh+ kutoka kwa baba kwa mimba ya kwanza hii huwa sio shida maana damu ya mtoto haiingiliani na damu ya mama.
Shida huwa wakati wa kujifungua maana kuna uwezekano wa damu ya mama kuingiliana na damu ya mtoto. Sasa ikitokea muingiliano huu mfumo wa damu wa mama kwakua hauna Rh (Rhesus) maana tumesema mama ni negative (-) basi hizi Rh kutoka kwa mtoto zitaonekana kama vitu vigeni. Image
Vitu vigeni nikimaanisha (foreign bodies). Sasa miili yetu ilivyoumbwa ikitokea kuna mgeni mpya ameingia kwenye mfumo wa damu hutambulika kama adui hivyo mwili hutengeneza kinga dhidi yake (antibodies). Iko hivi damu ya mtoto ina Rh+ mama hana Rh muingiliano utaleta shida.
Sasa kwa mimba ya kwanza haina shida kwani mpaka damu zinaingiliana na mwili unatengeneza kinga dhidi ya Rh zilizotoka kwa mtoto tayari mama huyu anakuwa amejifungua. Kumbuka tu huyu mtoto wa kwanza hiyo Rh+ katoa kwa baba maana mama ni Rh-.
Mimba ya pili ikiwa mtoto huyu hatarithi Rh kutoka kwa baba mambo yatakuwa shwari lakini kama akirithi Rh kutoka kwa baba huku tayari mwilini kwa mama tayari Rh zimetambulika kama adui basi hapa ndio shida huanzia maana kinga za mama zitapenya kwenda kwa mtoto kupambana na adui. Image
Na kwa sababu huyu adui (Rhesus) anakaa katika chembechembe nyekundu za damu (red blood cell) askari hawa watafanya uharibifu mkubwa wa chembechembe hizi kwa kuzivunja vunja na kusababisha ugonjwa ambao kwa kitaalamu tunaita hemolytic or Rh disease of the newborn. Image
Afya ya mama haitozurika ila mtoto anaweza poteza maisha. Ndio maana unashauriwa kuhudhuria kliniki au kumuona mtaalamu wa afya kwa ajili ya ushauri wa kitaalamu kwani inaweza kuepukika. Kuna sindano unaweza chomwa wiki ya 28 au masaa 72 kabla ya kujifungua.
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