Thread by @Francis_Ekha

OROFACIAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES PART 2
1) A)XEROSTOMIA(DRY MOUTH)
Dry mouth or Xerostomia is the commonest orofacial manifestation of diabetes, dry mouth form the basis for most of the other orofacial presentation in diabetes. Some factors which have been

2)Attributed to dry mouth observed in diabetic individuals include the following: excessive urination(polyuria) leading to dehydration, damage to the autonomic nerve supplying the salivary glands,direct damage to the salivary gland secretary cells and drugs

3) Used in the treatment of the condition.There is a direct relationship between level of glucose control in diabetics and the level of dehydration. Dry mouth in diabetic can lead to inability to swallow, eat and speak well, altered taste and burning sensation in the mouth.

4) Dry mouth can also predisposed the patient to other conditions such as recurrent fungi infection e.g candida, bacteria infections, salivary gland infections, salivary gland or duct stones, halitosis,mouth ulcers etc

5) B) HALITOSIS
Halitosis simply means bad breath originating from any part of the body while the term fetor oris is bad breath originating directly from the oral cavity but the two terms can be used interchangeably. Bad breath in diabetics have been attributed to the high level

6) Of ketone compounds found in high level in diabetic patients, it is also said to be due to dry mouth which causes recurrent infections and high level of infection observed in diabetic patients. Drugs used by diabetic individuals due to polypharmacy is also implicated.

C)7) INFECTIONS
Various forms of infections such as fungi infections, bacteria infections in the oral cavity(gingivitis and periodontitis) as well as poor wound healing and infections are frequently observed in diabetic patients. It is noted to be due to immmune dysfunction,

8) As a result of accumulation of high level of glycated end products of proteins found within the blood of diabetic patients, there is also the issue of issue of clot formation within the micro vessels in the head and neck region leading to reduced blood supply to tissues.

9) Although, organisms such as, candida are found in the oral cavity in more than 50% of individuals, it is not enough for the organism to cause infection in people with intact immunity but the reverse is the case in diabetic patients as a result immune dysfunction.

9) The high level of sugar within the blood of diabetic patients also made the oral cavity a good medium through which the oral bacteria can thrive unhindered. There is a bidirectional relationship between glucose control in diabetics and blood glucose, hence, good oral hygiene

10) practices and treatment of orofacial infections in diabetic help in good glucose control.

11)D) DENTAL CARIES(HOLE IN THE TOOTH)
There is high level of tooth decay or hole in the mouth people with diabetes, may be due to dehydration which reduced the level of protection by the saliva, most of the organism responsible for formation of dental caries thrive

12) In acidic environment while the saliva is majorly alkaline,reduce saliva as a result of dehydration in diabetics tilt the oral environment towards acidic condition making the oral organisms exert maximum effect on the teeth leading to increased demineralization and caries.

WATCH OUT FOR PART 3
Source: World Diabetes Journal 2019
#DiabetesAwarenessWeek2020

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