Thread by @INDArtCulture

𝐉𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐦

- Jainism - in 6th cen. BCE when Lord Mahavira propagated the religion

- 24 great teachers – Tirthankaras ,

- The first Tirthankara was Rishabnatha.

- Last Tirthankara Lord Mahavira

- word ‘Jain’ derived from Jina or Jaina - ‘Conqueror’.

PC- wiipedia

𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧

- Hinduism - become rigid and orthodox

- Varna system

- new agricultural economy in north-eastern India - use of iron tools

𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐉𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐦

- Recognized the existence of god

- did not condemn the varna system but attempted to mitigate the evils

- believes - transmigration of the soul

- Anekantavada: theory of plurality – a truth with multiple aspects - simultaneous acceptance of multiple, diverse, even contradictory viewpoints

- Syadavada - method of examining different probabilities

- attainment of liberation - no ritual is required.

𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐉𝐞𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐧𝐚

- Right Faith (Samyakdarshana)

- Right Knowledge (Samyakjnana)

- Right Action (Samyakcharita)

𝐅𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐉𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐦

- Ahimsa: Non-injury to a living being

- Asteya: Do not steal

- Aparigraha: Do not acquire property

- Satya: Do not speak a lie

- Brahmacharya: Observe continence

𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐚

- 24th Tirthankara

- born in 540 B.C. in a Kundagrama near Vaishali

- belonged to the Jnatrika clan - royal family of Magadha.

- father Siddharta & mother Trishala

- At 30 years - renounced his home

- attained the Kaivalya at the age of 42 years

- first sermon at Pava.

- Language used – Prakrit and Ardha-Magadhi

- Travelled to Koshala, Magadha, Mithila, Champa, etc

- Died at the age of 72 in 468 B.C. at the Pavapuri in Bihar.

𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:

𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐯𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐚

The division - mainly due to famine in Magadha - group led by Bhadrabahu to move South India.

𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐚

- believe in complete nudity.

- Male monks do not wear clothes while female monks wear unstitched plain white sarees - Female monks - Aryikas

- Follow all five vows (Satya, Ahimsa, Asteya, Aparigraha, and Brahmacharya).

PC-Jainpedia

- Believe women cannot achieve liberation. (Malli – Male)

- More rigid

- Bhadrabahu was an exponent of this sect.

Major Sub-Sects

- Mula Sangh; Bisapantha; Terapantha; Taranpantha or Samaiyapantha

- Bispanthis – worship Yaksha and Yakshini – use of flowers, fruits, Prasad – worship Bhattarakas

- Terapanthis – opposes Bhattarakas; worship only Tirthankaras; use of dey substitutes

Minor Sub-Sets
- Gumanapantha
- Totapantha

𝐒𝐯𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐚

- Preaching of Parsvanatha

- Monks wear white clothes.

- Follow only 4 vows (except brahmacharya).

- Believe women can achieve liberation.

- Tirthankaras can be male/female (Malli – female)

- Sthulabhadra was an exponent of this sect.

PC -jainpedia

Major Sub-Sects
- Murtipujaka; Sthanakvasi; Terapanthi

- Sthanakavasi – Pray saint rather than idols; wear Muhapatti

- Murtipujaka – keep idols of Tirthankaras at their temple; do not wear Muhapattis

𝐉𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐬

𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐥
- Held at Pataliputra in the 3rd century BC.
- Presided by Sthulabahu.

𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐥
- Held at Vallabhi 512CE
- Presided by Devardhigani.
- 12 Anghas Compilation

𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬

- Dilwara temple – Mt. Abu – RJ
- Palitana Temple – GJ
- Girnar – GJ
- Shikharji – JR
- Shravanabelgola – KN
- Mangi Tungi – MH - Statue of Ahimsa

PC-wikipedia , tourmyindia

𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐚

- Voluntary fasting up to death

- No passion attached hence it’s not suicide

𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐤𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐧

- Repent of sins

𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐮𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐯𝐚

- Michhami Dukkadam

- Namokar Mantra

PC -hindi.webdunia.com, -culturalsamvaad.com

References:

-jaina.org
-india.gov.in
-incredibleindia.org
-Indian Art & Culture by Nitin Singhania
-Indian Art & Culture by Gaurav Agarwal

Please find the PDF here

drive.google.com/file/d/1d5A6fH…