While the assassination of Nikolai Bobrikov is by far the best-known act of Finnish resistance during the first Russification period, it wasn’t the only one. Here are some other assassination attempts which took place (and some of them are quite funny) 1/10
Eliel Soisalon-Soininen was a Finnish conservative politician who became the Chancellor of Justice. In his position, he had to enforce the Russification policies and was awarded for his actions, which furthered his reputation as a traitor. 2/10
Lennart Hohenthal was an Activist who had originally planned to murder Bobrikov. Many of his comrades were hounded by the Russian Gendarmes because of Soisalon-Soininen, so Hohenthal made him his new target. 3/10
On 6th of February 1905 Hohenthal came to Soisalon-Soininen's home disguised as a Russian officer. Hohenthal walked into his office and shot the Chancellor seven times. Soisalon-Soininen died immediately. 4/10
Hohenthal was wounded after a gunfight with the police and Soisalon-Soininen's son and was subsequently imprisoned. However, his activist girlfriend helped him escape from his cell and afterwards they lived a life in exile together. 5/10
Matti Reinikka was an Activist who had also tried to murder Soisalon-Soininen. However, the police caught him in the act and he had to make a hasty escape. During his getaway, he was run over by a train and lost his right arm. 6/10
This wasn’t enough to make Reinikka give up. After escaping from the hospital, he decided to assassinate the Russian Governor of Viipuri, Nikolai Mjasojedov. Like Hohenthal, Renikka walked into the Governor's office to shoot him. 7/10
Reinikka pulled out a pistol and shot the Governors hand. The terrified Russian took cover behind his desk but was so fat his buttocks were still visible to the shooter and they received another bullet before the pistol jammed. 8/10
The one-armed assassin was unable to clear the malfunction and was quickly captured and imprisoned. Mjasojedov survived and moved to Petersburg, where he was made a target of ridicule. The Czar himself jokingly awarded him a medal for being “wounded in action”. 9/10
The Activists would do many more attacks against the Russian gendarmes including bombings. However, none of these attempts got the widespread approval that Schauman had gotten by killing Bobrikov. The Activists were amateurs who didn’t have the means for a revolution - yet. 10/10
Next time I will cover the Activists’ international conspiracy against the Russian Empire. My sources for these threads have been kansallisbiografia.fi and the book “Kultakauden maanalainen vastarinta”.
P.S. Vaikka tuo kirja on kirjoitettu nykyajan liberaalista (ja feministisestä) näkökulmasta, se oli minusta kattava katsaus 1. sortokaudesta. Vaikka kirjailija yritti esittää vastarintamiehet pelkkinä liberaaleina, näiden asioiden ympärillä on sellainen myytti jota ei voi tuhota.
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On this day in 1918 during the Finnish Civil War, the Battle of Kuopio ended. The battle was a relatively bloodless, yet important victory for the White Army in Northern Savonia.
The White forces were officially led by Carl Malm, an officer of the Old Finnish Guard, disbanded in 1905, but in battle they were led by Jägers like Einar Vihma, who had returned from Germany to liberate his hometown.
The Whites of Kuopio received reinforcements from Ostrobothnia and Kajaani. Among the soldiers of the Kajaani Sissi regiment was young Urho Kekkonen, the future president of Finland.
Fascinating video about asymmetrical skis used by Uralic peoples in Fennoscandia. On the left foot, the skier has a long ski for sliding, on the right foot, he has a shorter ski for kicking
The long ski was traditionally made from pine tree reaction wood, which was hard and curved. The shorter ski was made from birch and its bottom was covered with deer hide to give it better friction. The long ski was waxed with animal fat to make it slide better.
Most of the time, only one ski pole was used. This allowed the skier to use a weapon such as a spear or bow in their other hand. Sometimes the weapon doubled as the ski pole. The asymmetrical skis allowed the hunter to achieve considerable speed.
Finnish Kinship Wars, the final chapter: The East Karelian Uprising. 0/19
Between 1918-1919, the British intervention forces supported Karelian Nationalism as a counterweight to Finnish expansion in East Karelia. A Karelian regiment fought under British command against the Finnish Viena expedition. 1/19
In 1919 the British left, letting the White Russian forces rule over the region, ending their support for an independent Karelian state. In late 1919, the Karelians drove out the Russians and created an autonomous zone in Viena with their own government. 2/19
The Finnish Kinship wars, Part one: The Viena expedition. 0/14
During the Finnish Civil war, the white army sent several volunteer expeditions to Karelia and to the Arctic sea, to secure the Eastern border and to create a greater Finland. Many Finnish Reds had retreated to Karelia, threatening to flank the White Army. 1/14
At the same time, the British sent an expedition to Murmansk, because they believed the Germans would race to the Arctic Sea. They started to build an anti-German/anti-Finnish coalition from all the various troops in the region. 2/14
Thread on Elias Simojoki (1899-1940) and clerical Fascism in Finland. 0/28
Finnish Nationalism was linked to Christianity since its inception. The standardization of Finnish language began after the Reformation and the Lutheran church taught the people to read the Bible in their own language. 1/28
In the 19th Century the status of the Finnish language improved further and a National identity began to form. Nationalists saw Christianity as the foundation of Finnish culture. Among some there was a belief that the Finnish people were chosen by God. 2/28
Thread on Yrjö Ruutu and NazBol history of Finland. 1/32
The Finnish War of 1918 had been, to most Finnish Nationalists, a War of Liberation from Russia. But, some of them were appalled because they had had to fight against the Finnish Reds instead of Russians. Yrjö Ruutu was one of the first people to call the conflict a Civil War. 2/
Ruutu was an academic who had played a major role in the Jaeger movement, as one of its main architects and as an on-the-ground recruiter. 3/32