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𝐁𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐭𝐢 𝐌𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

- Originated in the southern part of the India

- 7-17th cen CE

- Transferred to Northern India by 15th cen. end

- focused on the love between god and devotee

- Two schools of Bhakti – Nirguna school & Saguna School

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𝑩𝒉𝒂𝒌𝒕𝒊 𝑴𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝑺𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂

𝑨𝒍𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒔

- Vaishavait saints- 12 Alwars

- Praise of Vishnu compiled in Divya Prabandha

-Divya Desham – 108 abodes of Vaishnavait deities

- Andal – Only female Alwaar saint – Meera of the south

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𝑵𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒔

- Group of 63 Tamil saints devoted to Lord Shiva

- Tevaram – Dravida Veda

- Tirumurai – collection of hymns

- Alwars and Nayyanars opposed to Brahminical domination ; Opposed to Jainism and Buddhism

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𝑽𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝑴𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

- Shaivait sect – emerged in 12th cen CE during Kalachuri dynasty

- Rejected the caste system

- Initiated by Basavanna – assisted by Allamaprabhu and Akkamaha Devi

- Followers – Virshaiva or Lingayats

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𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒉𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒚𝒂

- 1479-1531 CE

- Founder of Suddhadvaita – Pure non dualism

- Founder of Pushti Marg philosophy – Krishna centric

- Founder of Rudra Sampradaya

- Brahman with Srikrishna – Sat – Chit – Ananda

- Wrote Subodhini & Siddhant Rahasya

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𝑹𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒖𝒋𝒂

- 1060-1118 CE

- born at Sriperumbudur

- Followed Vaishnavism; Disciple of Ramananda

- Travelled to different parts and settled in Srirangam

- Preached Visishtadvaita philosophy – qualified monoism

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- God is Sagunabrahman.

- Salvation through Karma, Gyan, Bhakti

- He encouraged Prabattimarga or path of self-surrender to God.

- Wrote Sri Bhasya and Gita Bhasya.

𝑴𝒂𝒅𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒚𝒂

- 1238-1317 CE

- Founder of Dvaitavada – Dualism school of Vedanta

- Critic of Adi Shankaracharya’s Advait Vedanta

- Atman & Brahman are different and individual souls

- Salvation through grace of the god

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𝑵𝒊𝒎𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒂

- 13th Cen CE

- Founder of Dvaitadvait – Dualistic Monoism

- Wrote Vedant-Parijata-Saurabha – Commentry on Brahmasutras

- Radha-Krishna devotee – settled in Mathura

- 5 methods of salvation – Karma, Vidya, Dhyana, Prapatti, Gurupasatti

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𝑹𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂

- 1300 – 1380 CE

- Pioneer of Bhakti movement in northern India

- Opened door of Bhakti Marg without discrimination

- Composed & discussed in Hindi

- Opposed the caste system

- Bridge between southern & northern India’s Bhakti Movement

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Ramananda’s disciples:

- Kabir – Muslim weaver
- Ravidasa – cobbler
- Dhanna - Jat farmer
- Naraharai - goldsmith
- Pipa - Rajput prince
- Sena - barber
- Sadhana - butcher

𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑲𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒓

- 1440 – 1518 CE

- Born in Hindu family, but brought up by a muslim family

- most famous disciple of Ramananda.

- Major reform movement through his ideas and conceptions

- Nirguna Saint – Openly criticized orthodox idea of Hinduism and Islam

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- Aim - reunite Hindus and Muslims and form harmony between them.

- Strongly criticized the discriminatory caste system

- Poems – Banis; work compiled in a book – Bijak

- His followers - Kabirpanthis.

- Wrote in Hindi borrowed words from – braj, Avadhi, etc

𝑮𝒖𝒓𝒖 𝑵𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒌

- 1469 – 1539 CE

- born in Talwandi

- Inspired by Kabir das & proponent of Nirguna School

- founder -Sikh Religion – Sikhism is not extension of Bhakti Movement

- Emphasized on Nam Japna

- condemned caste difference & wished for equality

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𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒉𝒖

- 1486 – 1534 CE

- Krishna devotee – Hare Rama, Hare Krishna

- Practice of worshiping Radha-Krishna together – Saguna Saint

- Achintaya Bheda-Abheda philosophy

- Inspiration behind ISKCON

- Siksastakam – in Sanskrit

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𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒌𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒗

- 1449-1568 CE

- Born in Assam

- Introduced & Reformed Ankia Nat, Borgeet, Sattriya dance

- Popularized vaishnavism in eastern India

- Started Eksarana movement – non vaishnavait movement

- Wrote Kirtana Ghosha – Assamene & Brajavali

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𝑮𝒖𝒓𝒖 𝑮𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔

- 18th cen CE

- Famous saint of Chhatisgarh

- Established satnami community

- Criticized caste system and believed in equality

- He was against the idol worship

PC-naidunia

𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒅𝒂𝒔

- 1478-1580 CE

- Worship lord Krishna

- Wrote Sursagar and Sur saravali – describes Krishna’s childhood

- Disciple of Vallabhacharya – followed Pushti Marg

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𝑫𝒂𝒅𝒖 𝑫𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒍

- 1544-1603 CE

- Follower of Kabir – God does not belong to any particular religion

- Contemporary to Mughal emperor – Akbar

- Originally from Gujarat later moved to Jaipur

- Founded Dadu Panth

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𝑴𝒆𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒊

- 1498-1546 CE

- Princess born in royal family , Pali, Rajasthan

- Ardent devotee of Lord Krishna

- Composed many Bhajans

- Composed in Braj bhasha and Rajasthani

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𝑵𝒂𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝑴𝒆𝒉𝒕𝒂

- 1409-1488 CE

- Gujarati poet – belonged to Vaishavait sect

- Famous Bhajan – Vaishav jan toh

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𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑫𝒏𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒘𝒂𝒓

- 1275-1296

- founder of the Bhakti Movement in MH

- Wrote commentary on Bhagavad Gita – Dnyaneshwari

- Amrutanubhav –Yoga & Philosophy

- Worshipper of Vitthala – Manifestation of Vishnu

- Follower of Nath Yogi Tradition

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𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑵𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒗

- 1270-1350 CE

- Vaishavait Varkari Saint

- One of the holy man whose verses included in Adigranth

- Criticized caste system

PC-Hindupedia

𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑬𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒉

- 1533-1599

- Influenced by Vedanta philosophy and sufi mysticism

- opposed caste differences

- Eknathi Bhagvat – commentary on the Bhagavata Purana

- Believed in Saguna form of worship

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𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑻𝒖𝒌𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎

- 1608-1650 CE

- Inspired by Saint Dnyanadev, Saint Namdev, Saint Kabir and Saint Eknath

- Composed lot of Abhangas - poetry devoted to Vitthala

- Against the caste system and gender discrimination

PC-News Puran

𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑹𝒂𝒎𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝑺𝒘𝒂𝒎𝒊

- 1608-1681 CE

- Worshipper of Hanuman and Rama

- Established various Hanuman temples

- Wrote – Dasbodh – on Advaita Vedanta

- Composed many Aartis

- Founder of Samartha sect

PC- Wikipedia

𝑺𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑩𝒉𝒂𝒌𝒕𝒊 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

- Religious, Social and cultural reforms
- Spoke against the caste differences and gender discrimination
- Encourages harmony in society
- Use of vernacular languages
- Growth of literature and language

𝑭𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑩𝒉𝒂𝒌𝒕𝒊 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

- Intense love and devotion
- Unity of God
- Rejection of the rituals
- No discrimination on the cast
- Stressed on the concept of the personal god
- Local language use
- Propagated equality and spirit of fraternity

References:
-vedicheritage.gov.in
-sangam.gov.in
-hindujagruti.org
- Art and Culture by Nitin Singhania
- Art and Culture by Gaurav Agarwal
- @LostTemple7

Please find the PDF here

drive.google.com/file/d/1Y5uLFE…