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Our new study led by @khdcrawford in collaboration with @HelenChuMD looks at the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies in the 3-4 months following recovery from infection with #SARSCoV2 (1/9): medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
To do this, @khdcrawford measured neutralizing antibody titers in longitudinal samples that @HelenChuMD's group had collected from 34 recovered individuals, whose infections ranged from asymptomatic to severe disease. (2/9)
This plot shows the dynamics for just one individual who is pretty typical: neutralizing antibody titers peak 3-4 weeks post-symptom onset, and then decline somewhat in the months following that. (See Fig 1A of pre-print for comparable data for all 34 individuals.) (3/9)
On average, the neutralizing titers at 3-4 months post-symptom onset are about 4-fold lower than their peak at one month post-symptom onset. (4/9)
Importantly, we do NOT think this modest decline in titers in first 3-4 months is alarming. Antibodies are expected to decline somewhat from their peak following acute infection, and often reach a stable plateau. See this tweet from @SCOTTeHENSLEY (5/9)
Of course, we can't yet be certain about durability of antibodies to #SARSCoV2 over longer times. For that, future studies need to look at serum antibodies at longer times, & long-lived plasma and memory B cells. (6/9)
Our paper also makes a few other observations that concord w findings others have reported: binding antibodies to Spike and RBD measured by ELISA (by @adingens @KingLabIPD) correlate w neutralizing titers/... (7/9)
... patients w severe disease have higher initial neut titers, but (this is new) at later times the titers are similar across disease severity; IgG binding titers maintained better than IgA, IgM.

Finally, ours is just one of several recent studies looking at antibody... (8/9)
... titers in months following recovery and (in our reading) they all come to pretty much conclusions described above. See also: (9/9)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
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#SARSCoV2

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Bloom Lab
@jbloom_lab
We've experimentally measured how all amino-acid mutations to the #SARSCoV2 spike RBD affect ACE2 binding and expression of folded protein in a deep mutational scanning study led by @tylernstarr & Allie Greaney: biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

Why is this important? (1/n)
The RBD (receptor binding domain) enables #SARSCoV2 to bind to human cells. Evolution to bind human ACE2 was key to the emergence of this virus. Now it's also key to mitigating the virus: the most potent antibodies bind to RBD, and most vaccine candidates contain RBD. (2/n)
Before our study, the structure of the RBD protein was known but we didn't know how mutations affected it's function. Now we've measured how virtually all (3800 of 3819) amino-acid mutations affect binding to ACE2 and expression of the folded protein. (3/n)
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Bloom Lab
@jbloom_lab
In a new study, we've measured how many children visiting a Seattle hospital have serological evidence of prior infection with #SARSCoV2: medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Why is this important and what did we find? (1/14)
Children are under-represented in #COVID19 case counts. Are they less likely to be infected, or are their infections just overlooked because they often only get mildly sick? Serology identifies antibodies from infection independent of symptoms, so can help answer this. (2/14)
Our collaborator Jan Englund (@seattlechildren's hospital) collected 1,775 residual serum samples from 1,076 children in March & April during early Seattle outbreak. Samples from children seeking medical care for any reason: respiratory illness, surgery, routine care, etc. (3/14)
Read 14 tweets
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Bloom Lab
@jbloom_lab
We've written detailed protocol on neutralization assays for #SARSCoV2 at biosafety-level-2 using lentiviral pseudotype, and put key reagents (293T-ACE2 cells, plasmids) in BEI Resources repository. Most labs should be able to perform these assays (1/9).
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Why is this useful? Most serology assays (e.g. ELISA) measure antibodies that *bind* virus. But for many viruses, including coronaviruses (e.g., Table 3 of ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2991366), neutralizing antibodies correlate more w protection from disease than binding antibodies. (2/9)
So for purposes like convalescent sera transfer and studying immunity, neutralization assays probably more informative than binding assays. Unfortunately, neutralization assays harder to perform as they require using an infection-capable virus. (3/9)
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