Per Bylund Profile picture
Sep 17, 2020 46 tweets 13 min read Read on X
Economics is primarily a way of thinking about the world that uncovers the true mechanisms and processes behind, and helps us understand, what we can all observe. This is a forever thread collecting my #econthread tweets. #PerBylundthreads
On economic theory vs. empirical analysis.
On business cycles and business cycle theory.
On critiques (and misunderstandings) of markets.
On automation not being the real threat - inflation is.
On how to correct economic injustices.
On tradeoffs--the seen, the unseen, and the unrealized.
On why free-market economics is no ideological.
On why businesses fail. And who is to blame.
On the economy as engineering (it is not).
On how entrepreneurs deal with uncertainty.
On why startups competing with universities fail.

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More from @PerBylund

Sep 20
In academic publishing, there should overall be more pushback on reviewers' suggestions and critique. And editors should feel compelled to consider the arguments presented for/against, not assume that the reviewer is more of an expert on the subject matter than the author(s).
It bothers me, as both author and editor, that reviewers' opinions are treated as objective fact. We've all had nasty and ignorant comments from reviewers, which should compel us, as authors, to push back. But it is dangerous if editors presume reviewers have superior expertise.
The sad truth is that reviewers often get invited to offer opinion on papers that aren't squarely within their core expertise. They also neither get paid nor have time to really "dig into" the arguments. As a result, they sometimes do a lousy job and offer irrelevant feedback.
Read 8 tweets
Aug 22
"Brides of the State," or BOTS, are a "large cohort of American women who have embraced the helping hand of the state in place of the increasingly suspect protections of fathers, brothers, boyfriends and husbands." unherd.com/2024/08/the-ma…
...which again raises the interesting (and philosophical) question of whether/to what degree those who live off/are dependent on the state should also have a say on what it does, how much it does, and how much it may cost, i.e. how much they get to be a burden placed on others.
"BOTS have demanded and received not only the female-targeted government grants, educational and jobs programmes, and social safety nets ... but also a much broader set of social engineering measures that are fundamentally reshaping American mores."
Read 6 tweets
Jul 13
If #money is only the unit of account administered by the State, as some claim, and is not a/the medium of exchange, then market actors cannot reasonably "lose faith" in it as money. There can be no hyperinflation. It is also unclear what a flight into assets could possibly mean.
What's fascinating about this view is not its reconceptualization of money but how it takes a preferred normative idea of it, not an economic function, and forces the analysis into this new frame--and therefore disqualifies centuries of insightful scholarship and understanding.
Certainly, proponents will claim that the idea better describes monetary praxis (primarily policy) in the present. Whether or not this is true, why should such radical temporal bias be the basis of an analysis--and the rejection of previous, more generally applicable, analyses?
Read 8 tweets
Dec 8, 2023
Imagine a community that over time has come to adopt a medium of exchange, which allows them to trade much more easily for the goods they want.
Then imagine someone suggesting they create more of that medium (but not more goods), claiming it would make them all richer.
#inflation
Eager to become rich, they double the money supply. After heated discussion about who gets the 'cash', they decide that the poor should get more.
Upon getting the new cash, people rush to buy the goods they couldn't afford before. It results in a shortage of goods; prices soar.
With the higher prices fewer people who can afford the goods they previously could buy on their salaries. The additional cash? Many of them have already spent it. The frustration grows and people start demanding that they again increase the money supply to alleviate the problem.
Read 5 tweets
Sep 22, 2023
People's belief in data as a source of knowledge needs to be addressed. It is rarely more than faith backed up by scientism and fundamental misunderstandings of science/the scientific process. There are no data that can "speak" for themselves and data are rarely "objective."
The social sciences study a complex process emergent from actions based on actors' interpretations, understandings, and valuations. Much of the social world consists of unobservables, but even "objective" data that actors take into account are interpreted and thus subjective.
The natural sciences are generally much simpler than the social ditto because they study the world without human agency. This makes for a "cleaner" world that can (typically) be studied using experiments, tests of hypotheses, etc. and that produce largely reproducible results.
Read 13 tweets
Sep 2, 2023
There is deep confusion about money in the bitcoin camp. On the one hand, evangelists are right that a money is better if it is not controlled by a singular entity (with interests of its own) and exists in limited quantity or is difficult to create (resists arbitrary inflation).
OTOH, they often misunderstand the definition of money--the commonly used medium of exchange--and its implications, which is clear from how they refer to bitcoin as a "decentralized" money. That claim doesn't make sense. What they mean is decentralized control over the currency.
Money, and what makes something money, is its adoption as medium of exchange. It's necessarily a bottom-up process; you cannot conceivably force people to adopt a medium of exchange. It's ultimately based on people's choice to use it. Hyperinflation shows even governments cannot.
Read 17 tweets

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