It should be simple to define? No? These are the definitions used in IPCC SR15, which has three types of 1.5°C scenarios depending on "overshoot".
This has implications...
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The Paris agreement has "well below 2°C ... pursing ... 1.5°C". A broad interpretation would be somewhere between 1.5°C-2°C (closer to 1.5°C).
This is where the SR15 scenarios go. The 1.5°C scenarios are generally below 1.5°C except for a period of over 1.5°C.
And so?
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This 'overshoot' has big implications for Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). Here is CDR just from BECCS... Add on top of this CDR from afforestation!
Choosing aggressive definitions of 1.5°C generally requires assuming more CDR. Which is fine, as long as this trade-off is clear.
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There is no doubt (in my mind) the definitions of 1.5°C used in SR15 were heavily dependent on the scenarios available at the time. That does not mean these are the best definitions.
Worth noting there were no 1.5°C scenarios with >66% probability of <1.5°C (see footnote).
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There is often an assumption that the more aggressive climate targets means more BECCS.
This is only weakly true, many 2°C scenarios use as much BECCS as 1.5°C scenarios, & even >2.5°C scenarios use BECCS at scale!
IAMs just love BECCS 😍🥰😘
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These are scenarios that go over 2°C. Yes, some scenarios use over 20GtCO₂/yr in 2100 (we currently emit 40GtCO₂/yr). These are not aggressive mitigation scenarios, these are >2°C, & where we could end up with only weak climate policies like we have today.
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It is not that 1.5°C or 2°C (or even 3°C) needs large-scale BECCS, this is just the cost-effective pathway that most IAMs find. This could be for a variety of structural reasons.
Since BECCS is so prolific in scenarios, we obsess over it. It may just be a model artifact!
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Even though N₂O’s Ozone Depletion Potential is only 0.017, roughly one-sixtieth of CFC-11s, the large anthropogenic N₂O emissions make N₂O the single most important source of ozone depletion (that was in 2009!)
For the emission metric nerds out there, there is a close historical link between the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and the Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
The paper uses GWP & ODP, to contrast climate & ozone impacts.
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If you want to understand the GWP, read up on the ODP...
In this paper on the integrated Global Temperature change Potential (iGTP) I dug into some of the history, & it made me understand the GWP much better...
The results of yesterdays poll on EU climate ambition.
There was some ambiguity with the question, essentially to what degree the EU should adjust to the ambition of others.
There was a reason for the way I posed the question, around net-zero, linking to the ">2°C" option
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Scenarios with 50% chance of staying below 2°C rarely reach net-zero GHG by the end of the century (from IPCC SR15). The EU is aiming for net-zero GHG in 2050. The EU, in this case, would be more than 50 years ahead of the global average.
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This is the temperature response from those scenarios, still below 2°C (median in 2100 is 1.8°C).
So, to pick the option that the EU is consistent with over 2°C (>2°C in the poll) is rather extreme, & I would say inconsistent with the science (sorry).
"We estimate that 30 years of natural forest regrowth across 349 Mha & 678 Mha could [lead to uptake of 5.9 to 8.9 GtCO₂/yr]". This includes some below ground carbon.
Plenty to unpack, but how does it compare to emission scenarios?
@IvoHlebarov@PeterGleick@MichaelEMann@JKSteinberger@KHayhoe It is what the IPCC says. The way framed in the thread is not quite correct. Yes, the 50% and net zero 2050 is based on scenarios with carbon dioxide removal. You can do stylised with a carbon budget, and take the numbers from SR15 Table 2.2.
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@IvoHlebarov@PeterGleick@MichaelEMann@JKSteinberger@KHayhoe If we just accept these numbers (& not quibble over temp baselines, feedbacks, etc). These budgets are defined on when emissions reach zero (and temperature is about peak). The IPCC statement is equivalent to 50% 1.5C (at peak).