There is often an assumption that the more aggressive climate targets means more BECCS.
This is only weakly true, many 2°C scenarios use as much BECCS as 1.5°C scenarios, & even >2.5°C scenarios use BECCS at scale!
IAMs just love BECCS 😍🥰😘
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These are scenarios that go over 2°C. Yes, some scenarios use over 20GtCO₂/yr in 2100 (we currently emit 40GtCO₂/yr). These are not aggressive mitigation scenarios, these are >2°C, & where we could end up with only weak climate policies like we have today.
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It is not that 1.5°C or 2°C (or even 3°C) needs large-scale BECCS, this is just the cost-effective pathway that most IAMs find. This could be for a variety of structural reasons.
Since BECCS is so prolific in scenarios, we obsess over it. It may just be a model artifact!
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The black crosses in the figure are the four Illustrative Pathways used in IPCC SR15.
There is one scenario with extreme BECCS (P4), which everyone discards as ridiculous, but it is an outlier in the high overshoot scenarios! Some high overshoot have very little BECCS!
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These are the four Illustrative Scenarios. It is worth remembering that P1 and P4 are the absolute extremes in one characteristic (BECCS). There is a whole spectrum of scenarios in between that may be more desirable in characteristics other than BECCS!
We have a new paper in @nature on nitrous oxide (N₂O), five years in the making!
Like many GHGs, N₂O concentrations have been stable for thousands of years, but that balance between sources & sinks has been dramatically changed by humans.
2. N₂O is a potent GHG, 300 times worse than CO₂ over 100 years (GWP). It destroys the ozone layer & contributes to water pollution.
N₂O is ~7% of current radiative forcing, but because of its long lifetime & difficulty to mitigate, this will increase even in 1.5°C scenarios.
3. N₂O comes almost equally from natural (60%) & anthropogenic sources (40%).
Natural sources are dominated by microbial processes that break down nitrogen-containing compounds in the soil & oceans. These sources have previously balanced with the atmospheric chemical sinks.
Even though N₂O’s Ozone Depletion Potential is only 0.017, roughly one-sixtieth of CFC-11s, the large anthropogenic N₂O emissions make N₂O the single most important source of ozone depletion (that was in 2009!)
For the emission metric nerds out there, there is a close historical link between the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and the Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
The paper uses GWP & ODP, to contrast climate & ozone impacts.
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If you want to understand the GWP, read up on the ODP...
In this paper on the integrated Global Temperature change Potential (iGTP) I dug into some of the history, & it made me understand the GWP much better...
The results of yesterdays poll on EU climate ambition.
There was some ambiguity with the question, essentially to what degree the EU should adjust to the ambition of others.
There was a reason for the way I posed the question, around net-zero, linking to the ">2°C" option
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Scenarios with 50% chance of staying below 2°C rarely reach net-zero GHG by the end of the century (from IPCC SR15). The EU is aiming for net-zero GHG in 2050. The EU, in this case, would be more than 50 years ahead of the global average.
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This is the temperature response from those scenarios, still below 2°C (median in 2100 is 1.8°C).
So, to pick the option that the EU is consistent with over 2°C (>2°C in the poll) is rather extreme, & I would say inconsistent with the science (sorry).
"We estimate that 30 years of natural forest regrowth across 349 Mha & 678 Mha could [lead to uptake of 5.9 to 8.9 GtCO₂/yr]". This includes some below ground carbon.
Plenty to unpack, but how does it compare to emission scenarios?