Patient with advancing CKD, currently stage 4. Labs show HCO3 19 on the last two lab draws. Anion gap 13. What do you do?
So the current thinking is that correcting metabolic acidosis (CO2 < 22) slows the progression of CKD. This has been shown in RCTs with oral sodium bicarbonate (placebo controlled):
How not to write a letter of recommendation for nephrology fellowship
How to write a letter of recommendation for nephrology fellowship:
1. know your audience. Offer to write letters to programs where you know key people. When I read letters from people I know it moves the needle. Otherwise not so much.
2. Be honest. Don't lie and exaggerate the skills of an applicant. We received a letter with glowing praise for a fellow who turned out to be less than stellar. I no longer trust that program's LOR. In this game it is one strike and you are out.
If you have a patient with cerebral edema from acute hyponatremia you need to 3% Saline first and ask questions later.
3/ If patients have hyponatremia and have severe symptoms it is 150 ml of 3% then recheck the sodium and give another 150 ml of 3% (I'm using the European guidelines) eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/…