ARM + AZ foreign ministers meet in Geneva tomorrow, in the aftermath of a deadly cycle of civilian suffering: at least 25 Azerbaijani civilians killed yesterday + today, dozens injured, in Armenian strikes on the town of Barda; dead include an @AzRedCrescent volunteer. 1/6
AZ claims use of cluster munitions against its civilians - must be investigated by @amnesty and @hrw. AZ strikes on towns in NK killed one in Shusha, more injured; a hospital building in Stepanakert hit – must also be investigated – more strikes reported tonight. 2/6
Fighting continues on southern front (localised engagements) + northern front (artillery), incl. in Lachin district, close to ARM-NK corridor. Armenian media are discussing grim worst-case scenarios with implications of much wider escalation. 3/6
President Aliyev spoke approvingly of potential for 2+2 format, meaning ARM/AZ, Russia/Turkey; Erdogan called Putin today with similar message. Iran also active, with deputy FM S.A. Araghchi in shuttle diplomacy sharing “Iran’s Regional Initiative” to help end the conflict. 4/6
Many unpredictable variables: Biden issues another statement highlighting need to stop fuelling conflict + actions he would take; Turkish lira hits record low; if the military dynamic continues, a significant escalation with unforeseeable consequences could follow. 5/6
But if there is military stalemate, is there a force capable of opposing a slide into regionalisation, with local and imported proxy dynamics overlaying original parameters of the dispute and making it even more intractable? See article by @MaysamBehravesh + @HamidRezaAz . 6/6

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More from @LaurenceBroers

25 Oct
Third ceasefire agreed, this time brokered by US (after previous, failed Russian- and French-led efforts), to begin from 0800 local time tomorrow. Follows meetings of ARM + AZ foreign ministers with US officials.
Many reasons to doubt it will hold. Three tests of ceasefire viability are: 1) have military goals been achieved? 2) has the cost of carrying on become prohibitive? 3) do 3rd parties have leverage to enforce?
None of these conditions appears to hold.
AZ goals seem aimed at full reincorporation of NK, or perhaps advantageous enough position to achieve this within months if winter forces a timeout.
Read 8 tweets
21 Oct
Armenian-Azerbaijani war at a critical conjuncture. AZ forces have extended advance along southern flank to recapture yesterday Zangilan. Now reportedly advancing northwards through Qubatly towards Lachin, the corridor connecting ARM + NK. 1/9
This corridor is one of the Basic Principles, but these and diplomacy in general not mentioned (unlike in interviews to intl media) in Ilham Aliyev’s address to the nation yesterday. Already supportive of military action, AZ public is being prepared for total victory. 2/9
ARM leadership today rejected a diplomatic solution, frames an existential struggle: “Without Artsakh, there is no Armenia”, says diplomatic solutions not possible if AZ insists on complete capitulation of NK. 3/9
Read 9 tweets
19 Oct
Second ceasefire of 17/10 also failed; sides blame each other and without ceasefire monitoring mechanism impossible to be sure but common sense suggests AZ has military advantage and therefore more to gain from continuation. 1/9
Intense fighting continued in north and southern areas of front, and Ilham Aliyev announced today recapture of another 13 villages in Jebrayil; also yesterday historically symbolic Khudaferin Bridges, constructed 11-13th centuries across River Aras. 2/9
Seems clear that AZ advance has reached halfway point between former Line of Contact and ARM border; mobilisation of all men of military age reported in Meghri, Kajaran, in southern ARM region of Syunik. 3/9
Read 9 tweets
17 Oct
After 3 weeks of war: A new *temporary* “humanitarian truce” has been declared between ARM & AZ forces, to come into force tonight as of 0000, 18/10. Announcement evokes both OSCE co-Chair nations’ statement + failed humanitarian ceasefire brokered 10/10 by Russia. 1/10
Why now? Last 36 hrs have seen appalling missile strikes/bombardment of population centres: Stepanakert in NK hit again; Ganja hit for second time, destroying residential building and killing 13 Azerbaijani civilians. Nearly 100 civilians killed on all sides now. 2/10
Sides appeared caught in a retaliatory spiral, mounting grave violations of humanitarian law (strikes on civil population centres by both sides, credible reports of POW execution by AZ forces) – immensely politically damaging for all causes in this fight. 3/10
Read 12 tweets
13 Oct
There are voices rightly highlighting relentless focus on geopolitics in the tragedy in + around #Karabakh. Geopolitics is what we can most easily see, and means to most easily simplify complexity + align it with political agendas. But it shouldn't be the main story now. 1/11
We only have intermittent or highly mediated glimpses of what is happening on ground, but clear that a humanitarian catastrophe is happening in NK, with main towns enduring massive destruction + half of the Armenian population – up to 70,000 people – fleeing the territory. 2/11
There have been atrocities reported in Hadrut, evoking comparable, never addressed, atrocities when 3 Armenians were killed in Talish in April 2016. Altogether around 25 civilians on the Armenian side have been reported killed. 3/11
Read 11 tweets
13 Oct
Monday’s ceasefire document refers to the Basic Principles (BP), under discussion within the Minsk Group. Conflict parties as of 12/10 still affirm Minsk Group negotiations; lot of BP mentions in social media over the last 48 hours, even as intense fighting continues 1/13
So what are the BP (also known as ‘Madrid Principles’), how do the sides see them and how relevant might they be after this new war? The BP is a list of bullet points setting out core principles for an ARM-AZ peace, on which a peace agreement could then be based. 2/13
They’ve been around formally since 2007, but many of the ideas longer. The BP have been through iterations since then, but original version was published by the Armenian Research Center ANI after the April 2016 “4-day war”: aniarc.am/2016/04/11/mad… 3/13
Read 13 tweets

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