1/ There's an unusual pattern for voter turnout in Red, Blue & Swing states.

Changes in voter turnout from 2016 to 2020 has been largely attributed to increases in mail-in votes this election.

Interestingly though, Red & Swing states had the greatest increases in voter turnout. Image
2/ This is odd because Democrats had a much greater preference for mail-in voting compared to Republicans.

One would expect that the Blue states (more Democrats) would see the greatest increases in voter turnout due to increased mail-in voting--their preferred method after all.
3/ Instead, Blue states actually have the smallest increase (4.8%) in voter turnout this election.

On the other hand, Red States had a 6.6% increase in voter turnout and Swing states had the largest increase at 8.1%. Image
4/ If unprecedented voter turnout this election was largely due to mail-in voting, why did voter turnout in Blue states increase the least despite being Democrats' preferred method?

Lastly, it's odd that mail-in voting "enfranchised" voters in battleground states the most.

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More from @JamesTodaroMD

18 Sep
1/ An unknown side effect of lengthy lockdowns may be decreased crossover immunity to COVID-19.

Research on SARS-CoV-1 suggests that lack of exposure to the common cold coronaviruses could actually worsen morbidity and mortality in those who do eventually get COVID-19.
2/ Researchers infected mice with a general mouse coronavirus and then 2 days later infected those same mice w/ SARS-CoV-1.

They compared the mortality of these mice vs those infected with SARS-CoV-1 who were not first "primed" w/ a general coronavirus.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3/ The difference in mortality was astounding.

100% of the mice infected with the general coronavirus first, then with SARS-CoV-1 survived (black circles at top).

Whereas 0% of the mice infected w/ only SARS-CoV-1 survived (black boxes).

(Significant difference with P<0.0001)
Read 5 tweets
17 Sep
1/ Growing research demonstrating importance of protective T-cells against SARS-CoV-2 combined w/ prior research on influenza viruses suggest that nasal mucosa T-cells may explain the rising number of "positive" PCR tests while deaths & hospitalizations remain low.

Here's why.👇
2/ We know a large percentage of the uninfected population already possess T-cells in the blood that recognize SARS-CoV-2.

It seems likely our nasal mucosa also possess these protective T-cells considering airborne spread of common cold coronaviruses.

3/ Substantial research on influenza viruses shows conditioned T-cells in the nasal mucosa is associated with rapid viral clearance and decreased transmission to the lungs upon reinfection.

jimmunol.org/content/167/6/…

pnas.org/content/114/20…

immunology.sciencemag.org/content/2/12/e…
Read 10 tweets
25 Aug
1/ Hong Kong reports the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection today.

Although it is only a single case, it supports the theory that T-cell immunity (as opposed to antibodies) may be more important in regards to disease course and transmission.

Here's why.
2/ Case summary:

A 33-year-old confirmed case of COVID-19 from March 2020 (positive PCR test along with fever, headache, cough and sore throat) tests positive in routine screening at the Hong Kong airport in August.

This reinfection occurred 142 days after his first infection.
3/ The patient was completely asymptomatic during the course of the second infection.

He did not have a fever, cough, headache or sore throat during the entire course of the reinfection.

Based on genome sequencing though, it is likely that it is a true second infection.
Read 10 tweets
14 Aug
1/ My thread on T-cell immunity got about 7 million views.

It's great to see so many people interested in understanding the science and medicine of this pandemic, even in a lengthy thread.

This thread is a response to the occasional criticism I saw floating around twitter.
2/ The most common criticism was "You aren't an immunologist or epidemiologist."

No I am not. I never pretended to be.

This criticism doesn't challenge the science and has little merit.

HOWEVER, here are just a few immunologists and epidemiologists with similar findings...
3/ Dr. Gupta, infectious disease epidemiologist and prof of theoretical epidemiology at University of Oxford.

"The pre-existing antibodies or T-cell responses against coronaviruses seem to protect against infection, not just the outcome of infection."

reaction.life/we-may-already…
Read 9 tweets
10 Aug
1/ There is growing evidence that T-cell immunity allows populations to reach herd immunity once only 10-20% are infected with SARS-CoV-2.

This would explain why a highly transmissible virus in densely populated areas peaked at 10-20% infected regardless of lockdowns or masks.
2/ The pervasive misconception is that we have zero immunity against COVID-19. Based on this flawed understanding, epidemiologists projected that herd immunity is not reached until 60-70% are infected.

This is almost certainly wrong.

Of course, the media ignores this research
3/ While antibodies against COVID-19 may only last months, T cell immunity can remain protective for years.

In a study of 23 people who survived SARS in 2003, every single one had memory T cells that recognized the SARS virus 17 years later. (Nature)

nature.com/articles/s4158…
Read 19 tweets
1 Aug
1/ Dr. Fauci is misleading the American people when he says that randomized controlled trials have shown hydroxychloroquine to be ineffective.

Here’s why.
2/ There's only one double-blind RCT on HCQ in early treatment of COVID-19.

All of the other RCTs (SOLIDARITY, RECOVERY, etc) were in very sick patients and are borderline worthless because they just support what we've been saying since March—HCQ is for early disease, not late.
3/ The "randomized controlled trial" for EARLY treatment of COVID-19 that Dr. Fauci is too embarrassed to even mention by name is the one done by the University of Minnesota, “Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19” (Jul 2020)

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…
Read 11 tweets

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