Alina Chan Profile picture
12 Nov, 6 tweets, 4 min read
Accelerated Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an Immunocompromised Host - reading for tomorrow nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Being a nerd, the first thing I did was to check if all of the spike mutations in the covid patient with "accelerated evolution" have been detected before in the 200K+ SARS-CoV-2 genomes on @GISAID using the @CovidCg browser covidcg.org
nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
The answer is yes, all of the spike mutations shown in their figure except for N440D have been seen before, albeit there are other mutations at N440 (Y or K) that have been detected.

🤟@atchen_ for designing these SNVs to look like jellybeans @CovidCg covidcg.org Image
I'd like to take this opportunity to🏔️🌊☀️re-thank @atchen_ & Kevin Altschuler who designed and developed the COVID-19 Coronavirus Genetics covidcg.org. Without you, this idea of a public resource to track SARS2 mutations by location+date wouldn't have manifested.
I know people don't want to believe this, but COVID will be with us for the next 1-3 years. I've heard an expert predict that 2024 is when we go back to normal.

Until then we have to keep tracking SARS2 and how it evolves in response to patient immunity, vaccines & therapeutics.
If your friendly neighborhood scientist was like me in June, bemoaning how they can't track emerging SARS2 mutations in real time, by country & date, please share @CovidCg covidcg.org with them.

You can analyze all 172.5K high quality SARS2 genomes from @GISAID

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More from @Ayjchan

14 Nov
Will do a thread today explaining the different types of covid tests, how they work, and what this means for false positives/negatives. fortune.com/2020/11/13/elo…
The first thing is to see what this virus is- at its core, it stores its genetic material, RNA (no DNA). This RNA is the blueprint for all of the proteins shown in this picture: N which wraps the RNA, the spike which sticks out from the virus and binds host cells, M, E etc. Image
Sorry, quick caffeine break. I overestimated my Saturday morning energy levels.
Read 27 tweets
10 Nov
Tough questions about the #pangolinpapers and the peer review process in this investigative article by the @USRightToKnow

At least half a dozen people on twitter bombarded me with this article today for good reason...
It relates to the curiosity of all of these #pangolinpapers being released on Feb 18-20, driving a mania that SARS2 came from pangolins; all 4 papers used the same 2019 dataset; there is a web of co-authorship (scroll to end of the thread cited here):

I'm saving a 🔥🐉 thread on the issues in these papers for when their corrections are issued. But key questions raised by @USRightToKnow (I'm paraphrasing):

1. Did these authors know about each other preprinting in the same 3 days (3 groups on Feb 20, 1 group on Feb 18)?
Read 12 tweets
9 Nov
Well-rounded reporting on the Pfizer mRNA vaccine.

What did they find? What are the outstanding questions? What clinical trial data are we waiting to see in the coming weeks?

statnews.com/2020/11/09/cov…
After vaccines are developed, there are still hurdles to returning to normal. (1) Vaccination compliance; if few people are vaccinated, this doesn't result in herd immunity. Some individuals also don't develop lasting immunity in response to the vaccine...
vaccinestoday.eu/stories/why-do…
Let's say only a 50% of states have widespread vaccination, you'll still have to think about interstate & international travel in terms of whether you're traveling to a place where there is no herd immunity and the risks of you getting sick there even if you have been vaccinated.
Read 6 tweets
9 Nov
Thorough article by @GMWatch about the conflict of interest and lack of accurate information coming from EcoHealth on the topic of SARS2 origins - but you forgot to mention the karaoke parties and spelunking parties...
“Right now a party in a bat cave sounds just right to me!!” - Peter Daszak
Please do not allow EcoHealth to visit any more bat caves. The last thing we need is SARS2 being accidentally given to bats in the wild (like the mink farms). Bats already have a great virus reservoir going on, no need to add human viruses with novel features to their inventory.
Read 8 tweets
9 Nov
9-page Nov 5, 2020 meeting report: WHO-convened Global Study of the Origins of SARS-CoV-2

What is the @WHO approach to investigating the origins of SARS2? Possibly the biggest mystery of our lifetime.

who.int/publications/m…
The report is dated "31 July 2020" on page 1 so this has been a work in progress for at least 3 months.

Phase I: Wuhan may not have been where the outbreak started; we need to examine the Dec 2019 cases to see if there are links to other parts of China and other countries.
Current knowledge: "the virus has been remarkable stable since it was first reported in Wuhan, with sequences well conserved in different countries, suggesting that the virus was well adapted to human transmission from the moment it was first detected."
Read 21 tweets
7 Nov
On the SARS2 mink outbreak in Denmark: "genome sequences of human and animal strains will continue to facilitate detailed analyses by partners... WHO... are working with Danish scientists to better understand the available results" who.int/csr/don/06-nov…
However, no Danish mink SARS2 sequences are publicly available yet. (Please let me know if it becomes available!) So it's tough to tell exactly which SARS2 mutation combos to be looking at.

Regardless, ending mink farming is a good preemptive move to reduce covid outbreak risk.
One reason why the Danish PM decided on mink culling was that "this particular mink-associated variant identified in both minks and the 12 human cases has moderately decreased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies."
Raising concerns about vaccine efficacy against the mink SARS2.
Read 24 tweets

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