13 Nov 1942 | SS doctor Johann Paul Kremer diary: "Fresh material (liver, spleen & pancreas) from a Jewish prisoners of 18, extremely atrophic, who had been photographed before. As usual, the liver and spleen were preserved in Carnoy, and the pancreas in Zenker (no. 68030)" 1/2
The prisoner with this camp number arrived at #Auschwitz on October 14, 1942 in a transport from the Westerbork camp in the occupied Netherlands.
His name was Hans de Yong (born February 18, 1924 in Frankfurt). He perished on November 13, 1942. 2/2
SS-Obersturmführer Johann Paul Kremer, a professor of anatomy from the University of Münster, carried out research in #Auschwitz in connection with diseases resulting from the effects of starvation on the human organism, particularly “brown liver atrophy” (braune Atrophie).
Kremer chose prisoners who struck him as suitable research subjects from those who asked to be admitted to the camp hospital, or he simply chose them from among the patients in the hospital. The selected prisoners were killed.
Johann Kremer was tried in the Auschwitz trial at the sitting of the Supreme Court National Tribune in Kraków throughout Nov & Dec 1947. Based on the contents of his diary & his own confessions, Kremer participated in fourteen gassings as well as multiple public executions
Kremer was sentenced to death, but this sentence was later commuted to one of life imprisonment. He was released in 1958. He died in 1965.
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11 November 1941 | On the Polish Independence Day the Germans carried out the first execution by shooting in the yard of Block 11 of the #Auschwitz camp. Most probably 151 people were shot in the back of their heads - almost all of them Poles. #11listopada 1/5
Among the executed on 11 November 1941 there were 27 prisoners kept in bunkers of Block 11 for various offenses & 44 prisoners summoned from the camp by the Political Department (camp Gestapo). Unconfirmed accounts mention 80 Poles transported from the prison in Mysłowice. 2/5
The victims had to undress completely inside Block 11 washrooms. Then their hands were tied. Before the execution, their numbers were written on their chests or their thighs. They were shot in the back of their heads by SS-Hauptscharführer Gerhard Palitzsch. 3/5
7 October 1944 | Jewish prisoners of the Sonderkommando at the German Nazi Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp organized a revolt. They set crematorium IV on fire, causing serious damage, as well as attacked the SS men in the vicinity. 1/5
A group of prisoners from crematorium II (approximately 80) cut through the barbed wire fences enclosing of the crematorium as well as the adjacent women’s camp and fled in a southerly direction. SS units gave chase and caught up with them some 1.5 km from the crematorium. 2/5
Around 250 Jewish prisoners were killed during the revolt, including resistance leaders and organizers of the revolt, including Załmen Gradowski (in the picture) and Józef Deresiński. The SS lost three men killed and more than ten wounded. 3/5
Ca. 5 October 1942 | A horrible massacre took place in the female sub-camp of KL #Auschwitz in Budy. German female functionary prisoners and SS guards used rods, axes and rifle butts & murdered around 90 prisoners, French Jewish women.
The penal company for female prisoners in Budy, about 7 km. from Auschwitz, was created in June 1942 in reprisal for an escape from Auschwitz by a Polish female prisoner. 400 women of various ethnic backgrounds were imprisoned there in horrible conditions.
The camp administration investigated the massacre, but failed to discover the cause. Commandant Rudolf Höss defined the massacre as “a revolt instigated by prisoners who used stones and clubs in an attempt to terrorize the capo and make their way out of the camp.”
21/22 September 1940 | 2nd transport from #Warsaw arrived at the German #Auschwitz camp with 1705 people, including: Władysław Bartoszewski (4427), Stanisław Dubois (3904), Konstanty Jagiełło (4507) oraz Witold Pilecki (4859). 1/5
Władysław Bartoszewski was a prisoner of Auschwitz. After his release, a Home Army member, an activist of "Żegota" Council, participant of the Warsaw Uprising; historian & writer; Chairman of the International Auschwitz Council, Founder of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation. 2/5
10 June 1942 | A group of prisoners of the penal company at #Auschwitz who were digging the main draining ditch at the Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp, decided to escape. About 50 Poles started to run, only 9 managed to flee the pursuit. Some were later captured. | Thread 1/10
Aleksander Buczyński, on the 4th day after the escape he was captured by German gendarmes near Mysłowice. During the investigation he was incarcerated in Block 11. He was executed on 14 July 1942. | 2/10
Tadeusz Chróścicki managed to swim across the Vistula river and after a long march, thanks to assistance provided by the Poles encountered on the way, he crossed the border of the General Government. He remained in hiding in Radom. He survived. | 3/10
26/27 April 1943 | Three Poles escaped #Auschwitz: Edward Ciesielski (12969), Witold Pilecki (4859) & Jan Redzej (5430). #Pilecki was one of the co-founders of military resistance inside the camp. After the escape, he wrote an elaborate report about German crimes in Auschwitz.
Telegrams sent from #Auschwitz on April 17, 1943 informing about the escape of Thomas Serafiński (Witold Pilecki) and Johann Retko (Jan Redzej) as well as Edward Ciesielski.
This is how Witold Pilecki described his escape in his report.