I don't know who needs to hear this, but planets are basically just big chemical processing engines
(Could be that no one needs to hear this. That's OK.)
I mean, it's not just the interior—though that's a huge part of it. Turn a chondritic asteroid into a silicate crust and an iron core. But the atmosphere gets processed, the mantle itself, and there's lots of interaction there especially if volatiles get recycled.
The point is, if you want to turn interstellar dust into something that's actually interesting... planets are your go-to tool.
I made this image a couple of years ago for a conference.
You probably know this, but just in case:
Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, and the Moon—all to scale.
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OK, buckle up, kiddos—here's a 🧵 on our new Geology paper about the enigmatic tesserae on #Venus, and what our new results mean for our understanding of the Hell Planet
First off: what *are* the tesserae (sing. "tessera")?
In short: dunno! Ha.
The longer answer is that they're very heavily tectonically deformed rocks, and where they're found they're the oldest things around: everything else is on top of them.
Here's what they look like:
Lots of work has focused on the tesserae since they were discovered in the 1980s (and named by Russian scientists for parquet flooring!).
We've found lines in several tessera units that curve in such a way that they seem to follow topography. And that's a bit... unexpected.
Things have quietened enough that I'm going to share my thoughts about the detection of #phosphine on #Venus announced yesterday.
In short: this is a BIG fucking deal. And here's why:
(a 🧵)
Phosphine (PH₃) is a fairly rare gas. It forms in giant planets, like #Jupiter, because of the extreme conditions inside them (and because of their hydrogen-rich atmospheres). Neither condition applies to Venus.
PH₃ is also produced by biological activity.
As a result, it's thought to be a useful thing to look for in the atmospheres of #exoplanets that might be habitable.
But nobody expected to find it in the atmosphere of Venus—a world the team led by Prof. Greaves (@jgreaves6) used to test their detection methods.
At 8:32 am Pacific time, May 18, 1980, it happened.
#MountStHelens exploded, producing the largest landslide ever recorded, sending a tower of rock and ash 19 km into the stratosphere, and killing 57.
I've added the Empire State Building to this image for scale.
A thread:
A shallow earthquake caused the entire northern flank of the volcano to slide. The reduced pressure allowed a huge "cryptodome" of hot, pressurised magma inside the volcano to explode—creating a lateral blast that flattened trees for tens of kilometres.
The eruption blasted fragments of volcanic rock and glass, powered by superheated gases, into a huge column (a Plinian eruption) that reached 19 km into the atmosphere; ash blanketed towns 400 km, and some even landed in the Great Plains, 1,500 km away.
Yesterday, @geo_spatialist posted this *gorgeous* rendering of a geological map of #Ireland from 1878.
Because I'm procrastinating, here's a short thread on the geology of some of the locales around Ireland, as shown by this map
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First up: the Wicklow Mountains (white box on map to the right).
These mountains are a) actually not really mountains at all (just big hills), and b) exposed granite intrusions that were pushed up when an ancient ocean called Iapetus closed up ~420 Myr ago (plus or minus)
(2/n)
Next: the Giant's Causeway in Antrim (upper right)!
This incredible landscape comprises basaltic lava flows that were erupted when the North Atlantic unzipped, around 60-ish Myr ago. The polygonal blocks of lava formed as the molten rock cooled and contracted!
As people are tucking into Easter eggs today, here's a list of some of the *absolute worst* substitutes for chocolate eggs that #geology can offer you. Consider yourself warned.
A THREAD
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Type: onion-skinned weathering of massive rocks (including sandstones and granites).
How: formed by weathering along spheroidal fracture planes within the rock mass
Why is bad: it's rock, so will break your teeth, and doesn't at all taste like chocolate
(2/n)
Type: concretions within sedimentary rock (often sandstones)
How: formed by precipitation of minerals around a central mass within sedimentary rock or soil
Why is bad: it's also rock, so will break your teeth, and doesn't at all taste like chocolate either
@NASA has picked four missions for detailed, 9-month studies under the Discovery-class cost cap; one or two mission finalists will be actually selected for flight around the end of the year.
Read on!
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The first is DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging Plus), which is a mission to take detailed chemical measurements as it plunges through the Venus atmosphere!
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Next is Io Volcano Observer (IVO), which will visit (as the name suggests) #Io, the super-volcanically active moon of #Jupiter!