Random take: I don't think either "left" wing sociologists or "right" wing POLS folk or Economists lie about or make up research data often at all. But, the questions you ASK very often determine what you'll find - and this is why the 90/10 ideological slant in academia matters.
(2) To give an example: the sociologist Devah Pager found, in an excellent quant paper, that Black people are less likely to be hired than white people. H/w, she looked only at entry-level non-affirmative action positions, in the Midwest private sector, with white-owned firms.
(3) One could almost certainly find the EXACT opposite result by looking at applications for "diversity forward" positions, jobs in academia, in the public sector, or positions w the POC-owned ~25% of businesses. However, this second set of studies is almost never done.
**I should probably say "almost entirely." I know she looked only at basic 'classified ads'-level jobs in specifically Milwaukee about 20 years back, and omitted public and academic employers. Frankly don't remember whether a brother or two could have snuck through the net.
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