There's a valuable but under-reported aspect of Tesla joining the S&P 500 tomorrow: the decade long flight of capital from active funds to passive index funds and the massive, unprecedented, ongoing cash inflows passive index funds enjoy.
On the asset valuation basis active funds managed to grow in value, but this is only because of a bull market. The actual cash outflows from active funds to index funds & the arrival of new cash to index funds are massive: $200b-$300b per year.
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With TSLA joining the S&P 500 tomorrow, 1.67% of this ~$200b-$300b per year cash inflow will be invested into buying more TSLA stock - which is semi-permanently removed from the TSLA float and not traded again.
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That's a constant, gradual buying pressure of $3.3b-$5b investment into TSLA per year: up to 1% of the float, ~7m TSLA shares removed from the effective TSLA float.
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As float-contraction effects are highly non-linear, this gradual reduction of the float will IMO add an additional upside correction to TSLA pricing.
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The effects are similar to that of a big share buyback programs - and these float contraction effects were probably part of the reason that drove AAPL valuations so high in the last decade: 6.5% of all index fund inflow buying goes into AAPL.
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For TSLA the process is further amplified by the fact that active index funds are chronically underweight TSLA - only 10% carried 𝒂𝒏𝒚 TSLA recently - while index funds just added TSLA at 1.67% weight...
Active funds being underweight TSLA might speed up the flight of capital from active funds & simultaneously adds pressure for active managers to add TSLA to their portfolio.
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During an active fund sales pitch the first questions of well informed investors will be:
❌ "Why are you de-facto shorting TSLA against your benchmark?? 🤔😯"
Environmentally conscious investors will ask:
❌ "Why are you de-facto shorting a renewable energy company?? 😡"
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Neither of these questions can be answered satisfactorily, so I expect active funds to start carrying TSLA in their portfolio at an accelerating rate, even if they think it's over-valued - because they just can't afford to not have it.
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I.e. at the end of 2020 I expect active funds to gladly up any TSLA dip or correction offered by shorts: $695 is the entry price of passive index funds, buying up to 1.67% TSLA below this price instantly improves the performance of active funds compared to passive funds.
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For example, if active funds buy at ~$680 instead of $695 that's an instant 2 basis points improvement compared to the benchmark already.
Active funds benchmarked to the S&P 500 still have a lot of assets: an estimated $6t-$8t.
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I expect these two TSLA buying forces to combine in 2021:
✅ Active funds rebalancing to their benchmark, up to 192m TSLA shares acquired to merely become TSLA equal-weight.
✅ Passive funds gradual cash inflow, buying 1.7 million shares of TSLA every quarter, at any price.
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Will people short TSLA at the "peak" & and attempt to drive down its price?
No doubt, and they might temporarily succeed - but the short term forces of active fund buying and index fund inflow buying & accumulation will be extremely strong in the next couple of months.
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The biggest challenge for Apple to compete with Tesla is organizational: right now almost all innovation happens at Apple HQ with annual releases, the hardware supply chain is tightly controlled but low-innovation & low-cost.
This works well for consumer electronics, where owning the latest iPhone is an annual purchase event, and where each new iPhone is designed from scratch.
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But Apple's annual 100% redesign cycle is fundamentally incompatible with Tesla's approach, who in an Agile development method has made the entire Tesla factory agile & iterative, where most equipment runs the "Factory OS", part of their iterative R&D effort.
Right now TSLA is following a larger macro drop - the coronavirus-v2 scare that is affecting European markets.
The S&P 500 is down -2.1% - which does not yet include TSLA (will do on the open).
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This macro drop creates an arbitrage opportunity for S&P 500 benchmarked funds: The $695 inclusion price on Friday will be the basis for the S&P 500 inclusion, and with ES down -2.1% and TSLA beta 2.0 the 'index fair price' of TSLA right now is $695 lower by -2.1%*2.0: $665.
I.e. only about 69m shares worth of shareholders were willing to sell to index funds in the closing cross, and a large short seller sold them ~40m shares after-hours for $695.
This explains the sharp AH "spikes" to $695 visible in charts that many commented on.
Here's a finer grained view of the market anomaly: lots of huge orders with hundreds of thousands of shares slipping up to 695 & filling there.
I presume these were the indexers buying OTC/dark, while the entity 'painting' the price moved liquidity back to $680 quickly.
🟢 Bullish scenario: if there's a significant index buying shortfall as the numbers below suggest, then a post-inclusion rally might begin on Monday.
🔴 Bearish scenario: if that's wrong then @garyblack00's 10-20% pullback is possible too.
Any short term hedge funds driving a 10-20% correction had:
✅ 47m buy liquidity in AH to sell @ ~$680
✅ 69m liquidity to sell @ $695 on the close
Why didn't they sell? 🤔
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There's two main explanations:
✅ either hedge funds are confident about higher TSLA prices next week
✅ or the HF-selloff hypothesis was false to begin with, as explained by former large hedge fund quantitative equities and derivatives trader below.
In reality probably quite a few of the buyers on the close were not passive index funds:
❌ shorts covering or getting covered
❌ active funds that didn't want to stay TSLA-short against their benchmark & wanted to track TSLA at exactly the closing price
❌ options writers
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So the 13.6m shortfall of indexing shares is likely substantially higher.
Monday TSLA trading will IMO be determined by market participants thinking these through, and by continued index fund accumulation.
But macro might interfere, and so might market shenanigans. 🤠
At around 3:20, seeing the lack of shares, the big index accumulator started flooding the TSLA market with sell requests, overwhelming demand & triggering stop losses of retail & other investors.
The sell tick below alone was over 400,000 TSLA shares.