I hope you have all enjoyed following this journey and that you’ve learned a thing or two along the way.
As always, you can find all of my threads in the meta-thread below. Turn on post notifications so you don’t miss the exciting stuff coming in the year ahead!
We live in a world of complex systems that punish simple, linear thinking. The greatest minds consistently use second-order thinking to solve problems.
But what is "second-order thinking" and how does it work?
Here's Second-Order Thinking 101!
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1/ First, a few definitions.
First-order thinking focuses exclusively on solving an immediate problem, without regard for any potential consequences.
To paraphrase the words of the great @HowardMarksBook, it is "simplistic and superficial, and just about everyone can do it."
2/ Second-order thinking moves beyond the immediate problem and considers the multiple layers of implications and consequences of a given decision.
In short, it looks past the simple first-order effects of a decision and deeply examines the second, third, and Nth-order effects.
History is written by the victors. But if we exclusively focus on these successes, we allow survivorship bias to distort our understanding of the world.
But what is "survivorship bias" and how does it work?
Here's Survivorship Bias 101!
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1/ First, a few definitions.
Survivorship bias is the logical error of concentrating on survivors (successes) and ignoring casualties (failures).
When we do so, we miss the true "base rates" of survival (the actual probability of success) and arrive at flawed conclusions.
2/ When we completely ignore failures, we lose our ability to correctly identify the differences between successes and failures.
Put simply, exclusively focusing on successes may actually inhibit our ability to identify (and replicate) the actions that led to such success.
With Bitcoin's return to the spotlight, debates on its long-term viability are raging. Its proponents contend @nntaleb's Lindy Effect says the technology is here to stay.
But what is the "Lindy Effect" and how does it work?
Here's Lindy Effect 101!
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1/ First, a few definitions.
The Lindy Effect is a theory that the future life expectancy of specific non-perishable items, like a technology or idea, is proportional to their age.
Put simply, the longer it has already lasted, the higher the likelihood it will continue to last.
2/ The term "Lindy effect" is a reference to Lindy's, a New York deli frequented by comedians in the 1960s.
While author Albert Goldman used the term "Lindy's Law" in a 1964 article, it was mathematician Benoit Mandlebrot who moved the dialogue towards the current definition.