In the last #SOCRATES report of 2020 #Starlink satellites accounted for 29.1% (1-in-3.4) of all 44,530 close approaches < 5 km recorded for the first week of January 2021 with a total Pc of 1.7% #SpaceDebris
Ignoring Starlink-on-Starlink conjunctions the constellation satellites accounted for 9.8% of all close approaches < 5 km.
The yearly rates based on this report are 675,451 close approaches < 5 km involving #Starlink (227,655 ignoring Starlink-on-Starlink conjunctions)
#Starlink was predicted to experience 555 close approaches < 1 km (169 ignoring Starlink-on-Starlink) in the first week of January 2021, representing a total Pc of 1.1%. The yearly conjunction rate based on this would be 28,959 (or 8,818 not including Starlink-on-Starlink)
In the same #SOCRATES report #OneWeb satellites accounted for 0.56% (1-in-179.6) of all 44,530 close approaches < 5 km for the first 7 days of January 2021. A total of 248 conjunctions (240 ignoring OneWeb-on-OneWeb) & a total Pc of 0.016%
The yearly OneWeb rates based on this for close approaches < 5 km are 12,940, or 12,522 ignoring OneWeb-on-OneWeb events.
For close approaches < 1 km, there were predicted to be 10 events (all OneWeb v something else) leading to an estimated yearly rate of 521.
As always, many thanks to @TSKelso for the excellent SOCRATES service, support & advice.
Given the high num. of encounters for Starlink, naïve extrapolation from this SOCRATES report puts the probability of at least 1 collision involving Starlink in the next year at 43.7%. The actual probability will almost certainly be lower. #SpaceDebris
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It's time for my (seemingly monthly) look at conjunctions involving #Starlink satellites, as predicted by celestrak.com/SOCRATES/. In this month's update I have corrected an error in the conjunction rates for June, July & August (I missed some conjunctions) (1/n) #SpaceSafety
In the SOCRATES report from 30 September 2020, with just over 680 #Starlink satellites in orbit (v0.9 & v1.0), there were 6957 conjunctions < 5 km involving at least one #Starlink satellite (17.7% of all conjunctions in the SOCRATES report) for the 7 days ahead) (2/n)
The number of conjunctions < 5 km involving a #Starlink satellite & something else (i.e. not Starlink) over the 7-day period was 2828 (7.2% of all conjunctions in the SOCRATES report) (3/n)
For those asking, this visualisation is made up exclusively of a single Excel chart (2D scatter plot) that contains multiple series. Some of the data are plotted as lines without markers, some are plotted just with markers. Spin buttons provide real-time updates.
I convert the Keplerian elements for the orbit to Cartesian coordinates and then project the 3D position onto a 2D plane (that is plotted). I do this for true anomaly values between 0 and 360 deg. to get the orbit.
The "Earth" is drawn in the same way. In fact, the lines of longitude are essentially circular, polar "orbits" with radius equal to the Earth radius. Lines of latitude are circular, equatorial orbits that are translated and re-sized.
Here is a thread-based version of my talk at the @AeroSociety conference on 'Safeguarding Earth's Space Environment' that I hope gets some key points across about modelling #spacedebris & how it can help to identify the data we need to understand #SpaceSustainability (1/n)
Caveat: I use images as metaphors, to help with understanding of key concepts, so my slides have no words in them. (2/n)
Our models have two distinct roles: PREDICTION and UNDERSTANDING. Understanding can help us to design better models and gather more relevant data. Both of these roles are important in relation to #SST, #SpaceSafety and #SpaceSustainability (3/n)
Observations & model of daily count of close approaches in orbit involving #Starlink satellites from 1 October 2019 to 31 August 2020. Close approaches shown exclude Starlink-on-Starlink events for miss distances of < 5 km and < 1 km. Data from SOCRATES #spacedebris
Over the period: Starlink satellites were deployed at a rate of 1.81 per day. Each Starlink satellite deployed in orbit adds 0.48 conjunctions per day < 5 km.
14.6% of all close approaches - about 1-in-7 - of the 37,910 events in the 31 August 2020 SOCRATES report involved Starlink. This proportion includes Starlink-on-Starlink close approaches.
New response to @FCC by @SpaceX identifies probability of #Starlink collision with large #spacedebris is 8E-5. Single conjunction event < 0.5 km on 2 July with SL-3 R/B predicted by SOCRATES on 30 June 2020 had max. probability of 3.5E-5 (dilution thresh: 0.169)
Another event in the same SOCRATES report predicted miss of 172 m on 30 June with 3CAT-2 & max. probability of 1.39E-4 (dilution threshold: 0.044).
I realise that I am quite likely comparing apples & oranges here, but that's also one of the points I am trying to make.
In 2019 I presented a paper at the 1st International Orbital Debris Conference looking at implications of relocating satellites of a large constellation from high LEO altitudes to low LEO altitudes (hou.usra.edu/meetings/orbit…). Here's a thread on some new analysis #spacedebris 1/n
In my presentation I pointed out that relocating satellites to lower altitudes might solve long-term space debris issues but wouldn't be risk-free & could introduce problems related to space safety. Adding traffic to an already busy region could increase conjunction events (2/n)
Space systems at altitudes below 600 km are typically small satellites such as cubesats. Often these do not have a propulsion capability and so cannot implement collision avoidance manoeuvres. The figure shows recent launch activity & spatial density (data courtesy of @ESA) (3/n)