As we're back in lockdown, here's a chart for you all. Think you know your Normandy beaches? There were far more important names out at sea.
In answer to some of the questions I've been asked, I compiled this from four separate charts, contained in the Admiralty staff history and the navigation orders issued to #LCT7074. The zones are areas of navigation, patrol and exclusion. Scallops for example, was a minefield.
Mason was a patrol line for PT boats. Mountain was an area where RN MTBs had free reign and any other vessels found in it were expected to be hostile (until the Cotentin Peninsula was liberated of course). #MGB81 is possibly returning from Mountain in this photo. 📷IWM A24047
The Trout Line was the patrol line to protect the invasion beaches from enemy vessels, submarines and explosive boats coming out of Le Havre. Some of the tweets here give you a flavour of this exhausting 3 month defense.
Some of the lines are based on shoreline markers. Kansas for instance fits between Grandcamp Maisy and Pointe-du Hoc. The break between the WTF and ETF was at Port-en-Bessin, a noticeable gap in the cliffs. The break between Juno and Sword was St Aubin Lighthouse. 📷Google
The Dixie Line (seemingly unnamed in the ETF) designated the main anchorages south of it. These were waiting areas prior to beaching (in the case of landing craft), berthing (in Mulberry or one of the small ports) or unloading into ferry vessels (mainly landing craft again).
So each one of those areas was further subdivided into numerous anchorages for cargo vessels, landing craft, barges to supply ferry vessels at sea, and bombarding ships. Here's Sword for example.
This is all part of a genuinely forgotten battlefield, the Battle of Seine Bay. The front line of the Normandy campaign wasn't just in the hedgerows – it was in the Channel. Thankfully, soon there'll be a book that corrects this (not mine I hasten to add). I look forward to it!
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The holidays give me time to add a little more to the Pont du Hoc threads from earlier this year. Having covered the embarkation and what was meant to happen, it seems only right to look at what eventually transpired. 📷Normandy Tourism / S. Guichard
For info, the embarkation is covered here and includes the details of who embarked on what Landing Craft Assault (LCA) of the Royal Navy.
What should have happened is covered here. It’s worth familiarising yourself with this so you can see the differences in how it unfolded. I’ll use video from IWM ADM 206 again in this thread, but do bear in mind it’s not the real thing.
A bit of weekend #EmbarkingtheDDayArmada goodness for you today, with a dip into the Western Task Force embarkation at Weymouth – specifically the US Army Rangers. This is quite a long one and I won’t do it all at once, but I hope it’ll be of interest.
These pictures of the men embarking at Weymouth are well known, but the detail of exactly what they show is often lacking. It can be quite hard to identify specific Ranger units in the crowd, but it’s much easier to identify the landing craft and sort these images out.
A quick bit of background. Both the 2nd and 5th Ranger battalions were assigned to Force O and Omaha beach, organised into 3 task forces. Their overall mission was to secure the guns at Point du Hoc and the radar station at Pointe de la Percee.
It's disappointing to see the success of #LCT7074's move used to air a grievance with a museum. It's more disappointing when that grievance is based on #duffhistory.
It's time to stop this myth: Secret frogmen didn't land on the Normandy beaches hours ahead of the invasion. 1/11
10 Landing Craft Obstacle Clearance Units (LCOCU) were at Normandy – 4 at Juno, 4 at Gold, 2 at Sword. Their role was to clear underwater obstacles & obstructions so landing craft could reach the beach. But they did it after the leading waves had touched down. 📷IWM A28997. 2/11
The first D-Day landings were planned to be just after low tide, when obstacles were exposed. Behind them came the LCOCU and Royal Engineer units. As the tide came in, LCOCU would work on obstacles as they were immersed, whilst the RE would work on the beach. 📷IWM A 23993. 3/11
I've been asked a few times (both on social media and in person) about #LCT7074's eclectic markings, so here are a few details to help make sense of it all. 1/7
The H in front of her pennant on the bow is her squadron, and the 17 is her flotilla. These were only on the bow, not the stern. The size of the pennant conforms to Confidential Admiralty Fleet Orders 2189/43 & helpfully the outline was engraved into the hull by the builders. 2/7
The yellow band around the bridge is the force identifier for Force L, the immediate follow up wave that landed at Sword, Juno and Gold beaches (7074 went to Gold). This has raised quite a few eyebrows I know, because a lot of people expected it to be red... 3/7
#OTD (or night) 100 years ago, occurred perhaps the greatest success of the humble 40 ft Coastal Motor Boat. Defying the orders of his superiors, Lieutenant August Agar and his crew, Sub-Lt John Hampsheir and Chief Motor Mechanic Hugh Beeley, sank the Russian cruiser Oleg. 1/7
Leaving their secret mooring on the Finnish coast at 10.30pm, the crew steered CMB 4 – a diminutive 5 ton Thornycroft boat – south, through a screen of destroyers and close to the forts defending the Russian navy base at Kronstadt. 2/7
Slowly, CMB 4 crept closer to the Oleg, a Russian cruiser that had been bombarding White Russian positions at Krasnaya Gorka. As the crew readied their single torpedo disaster struck, when the firing charge detonated prematurely. Fortunately the torpedo wasn't released. 3/7
#OTD, 100 years ago, the German High Seas Fleet surrendered to the Royal Navy. After they had last met at Jutland, 70 German warships met well over 100 allied warships and sailed into captivity. It was the largest gathering of warships in close company in history.
Only the previous day, Germany's U-boats had sailed into captivity in Harwich, per the terms of the armistice signed the previous week.
The first U-boats sailed into Harwich as the mist began to lift on the morning of the 20th. The boats were received in silence: no jeering or cheering from either side. Once the formalities were done, the German crews watched as the White Ensign was raised over their vessels.