Watching the recent scenes in the U.S.A. we saw the Spartan iconography once again. So, if you are wondering what a Spartan may have made of such an event, let's take a look 1/10
First things first, #molonlabe is not a thing. Leonidas did not say it, and Spartans did not agree with citizens or anyone else bearing arms around the city . . . what if the helots got hold of them! 2/10
Next, Sparta was not a democracy - you did not really get a say on who was to be the figure head of the sate (the two kings). If you did challenge it, you better be a great military commander like Lysander, AND have a good oracle proclamation to back it up! 3/10
Spartans hated political dissent. Hated it.
A Spartan man called Cinadon felt hard done by and organised a coup, only to be caught before he could finish the job, here is what happened to him . . . 4/10
'His hands were bound and a collar was placed around his neck, and he and those with him were led around the city, struck with whips and goads as they went. In this way these men received their punishment.' Xenophon, Hellenica 5/10
Spartans also hated individuals with too much power and popular support: the classic has to be the commander Brasidas, who was refused reinforcements during the Pelop. War, in part, because he was too successful . . . TOO SUCCESSFUL! 6/10
We also have the Spartan Clearchus, who became a tyrant of Byzantium. Refusing to give up his rightful power, so he felt, the Spartans sent an army against him.
Clearchus sent his own forces out to meet them, but lost, and he fled to the Persian prince Cyrus the Younger. 7/10
To a Spartan, the law was paramount. No individual was above it - not even the kings themselves. If you were told to leave, you left. If you were removed from power, for any reason, you should not try to cling to it or else bad things would happen. 8/10
For the Spartans, this kind of civil unrest, and political de-stability, was something you created in other states . . . preferably democratic ones. Not in your own. 9/10
Of course ancient Greek democracies had their own dealings with internal dissent and sedition too. See @Roelkonijn great take here on @askhistorians 10/10
2,499 years ago, approximately #OTD, the straits between the Greek mainland and the island of Salamis became the site of one of the most famous naval battles in history.
Have you ever wondered what actually happened? Follow @Roelkonijn and I for yet another thread 1/lots
As you know from previous threads, the Persian forces had taken Themopylai and their navy had survived the battle at Artemision.
Xerxes’ forces moved south, through Boiotia and into Attika. Here they burned Athens and prepared to deal with the fleet moored at Salamis. 2/
So, what did that Greek resistance look like?
For what is the most famous battle in Athenian history (on par only with Marathon), we must have some reliable information surely? Surely?!
If you enjoyed the 4 day tweet-a-thon with myself and @Roelkonijn then see all of them here in this thread of threads looking at the battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium, the Spartan mirage, and common myths about the Persians:
The myths around Thermopylai often rely on broader misconceptions about ancient Sparta.
Well, we can't have that can we?! Come along with @Roelkonijn and me, for another thread looking at 12 key myths about the Spartan culture, and their army 1/16
Myth #1: Spartans were professional soldiers.
The big one! This comes from Xenophon's description of Lykurgus banning Spartiates from having a job.
He doesn't actually say anything about them soldiering which, you know, is a job! Seem more like 'professional citizens' 2/
*CW: Infanticide*
Myth #2: Spartans killed imperfect babies by throwing them off a mountain.
2,499 years ago, approximately #OTD, a more interesting battle took place off the coast of Thermopylai - the naval battle of Artemision. Unlike Thermopylai, this one actually mattered.
It is not a well-known battle, so why not follow @Roelkonijn and I for yet another thread 1/18
Was this a united Greek fleet, in support of Leonidas' troops on land, standing against the Persian enemy: West vs East, good vs bad, freedom vs oppression?
No, not really
2/
The Greek fleet was made up of just under 300 ships, half were from Athens alone.
In total, only 14 city-states were present. 14!!! Out of what, about 1000? 3/
Interesting blog, Athenian armies don't often get this kind of attention! Although, the mass levy (pandemei) raises more questions. We cannot assume that they maintained the equal tribal sizes. If all men were called, then the deme of Archanae had 3,000 hoplites to join up
If we assume they joined their tribe, so two other demes, we potentially have ca. 4,000 in one tribe which is almost 1/3 of Athens' hoplite strength at the beginning of Pelop. War. The pandemei was a system for emergency or quick planning, used to override the very slow
system of katalogoi. It was usually used for raiding plans, or emergency defences. Delium is a little unusual in this instance, but not I dare say an anomaly. What made the system easier to handle was the tribal basis, so people always knew who to follow, who was leading.
No, 300 Spartans did not fight at Thermopylae. Bayliss explicitly mentions helots and other greeks being there. Also: badancient.com/claims/did-300… /2
And as for molon labe (it had to be mentioned didnt it!). Bayliss says outright this was a later embellishment - Herodotus loved a good story, he would have kept this in. We have covered this phrase here: badancient.com/claims/molon-l… /3