The problem with (and for) #SiliconValley is their lack of #entrepreneurship. Yes, really: they're bad at being entrepreneurs, at providing the entrepreneurial function in the economy. To put it differently, they are technology driven in their profit-seeking but not consumer
driven. The difference is monumental both for the economy and the companies, and this is why they're failing. No, failing doesn't mean they are necessarily losing money, but that their profits are short-term and that they are undermining their own market positions. The business
they are in is not sustainable. This goes way beyond the selling of eyeballs, which is the focus of Facebook, Twitter, Google, and others. As it's often said, if you are not the paying for the product you *are* the product. Facebook is selling you, and your future purchases, to
their advertisers. The service the company provides is to lure you in, keep you busy, and make sure you don't leave while they feed you ads and collect data on who you are. It's the same with Google's search, maps, etc. But my point is not this, but that the focus by these
technology companies, more broadly, is unentrepreneurial--that they have lost sight of the consumer and, therefore, the real value they facilitate. They're not entrepreneurial. This, in turn, explains their behavior in everything from attempting to steer, direct, if not censor
the content on their supposedly (or even claimed) open discussion platforms to how they use investors' funds and the services they develop. Proper entrepreneurship, both in theory and in practice, begins with the value for the consumer. All production is aimed at, eventually,
satisfying some want of consumers--to make their lives better (on their on terms). This value focus is also the reason there is market value of production factors, materials, machines, etc., which would be simply dead matter without the consumer. But if and when there are
entrepreneurs imagining that they can provide consumers with value using those means, the means become valuable. It's the consumer value that makes capital (the means of production) valuable, not the other way around. This is a lesson that entrepreneurs learn quickly when they
start a business, because without it the chances of lasting success are very slim--they depend only on luck. But it is an understanding that seems scarce in the technology companies, if not in the very culture of Silicon Valley (the concept). Rather than starting with, focusing
on the consumer (and what consumers want/value), they start with technology and technological 'solutions'. In many cases, the consumer is not even an important consideration. Many of the companies were started around a clever technological solution to an imagined problem. What
was the market value of it? Typically zero to begin with. In some cases (Twitter presumably being an example), the value of using the service was not a core consideration--the technology was. Why users would use the platform, and even less how to monetize it (to capture some of
that value in order to cover the costs of development and operations), was to be discovered. The driving force behind these companies is the engineer's discovery of a cool feature or clever use of technology. Unfortunately, money has been, and continues to be, very cheap for
investments in such services where the actual value is yet to be discovered. But *if* it works out, if the service reaches critical mass of users and they figure out how to monetize it, the upside is imagined enormous. Is it a sound investment? Very unlikely, since the value is
unknown and not even considered. It's literally throwing money at technology and hoping something of market value will come out if it. This is far from investing in business for returns; it is gambling on technologies hoping one eventually pans out. With this starting point, it
is not strange that many of these technology businesses have struggled to make money and to figure out how to facilitate value for consumers. The consumer was not part of the equation, but something that would be considered at a later time. At the core is the technology and a
system that engineers imagined would work in a certain way that would also be amazing. The consumer, in these fantasies, is a user but a means to an end. Is there any surprise, then, that these companies (recently Facebook and Twitter) do not shy back from outright censorship or
attempts at silencing some opinions that they, themselves, dislike? No, there is no surprise at all. It is well in line with putting the product first and having the consumer second (at best). It is not entrepreneurship, which is the art of serving consumers, but a playground for
technologists. Their actions are fully understandable in this light. The culture in these companies, if not in the industry, is not entrepreneurial or consumer-value focused, but technology driven. These are hobby projects by technologists who have managed to ride the hype of
information and communication technology thanks to cheap money. In this sense, they were never entrepreneurial. They were inventive, but not innovative. Or, rather, they were innovative by chance or as an afterthought. With the consumer basically out of the picture, with focus on
technological fantasies of generating islands of planned interaction instead of providing a valuable service, their aim is not to serve the consumer. The aim is to fulfill the promise of the imagined system or service, at the expense of consumers if need be. That's the problem.
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Sadly, the @AOMConnect#AMR editors continue the all-too-common mistake of conflating Coase and Williamson and even cite Coase as source of TCE. But they're not the same, or even commensurable, as I show in my forthcoming SMR paper (linked in next tweet). journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/am…
Bylund (2021). "The firm vs. the market: Dehomogenizing the transaction cost theories of Coase and Williamson." Strategic Management Review Vol. 2, No. 1. leeds-faculty.colorado.edu/jere1232/smr.h…
Here's the error. The #AMR editors even note opportunism alongside the citation of Coase (1937), a concept Coase vehemently opposed. 🤦♂️
Many anti-market folks assert that property must have arisen from someone claiming for himself that which was jointly used. That's their bias, not an explanation or theory. Private property can emerge from joint or communal use without conflict. When it does, it is by definition
legitimate property. Locke showed how it could be done through mixing one's labor with unowned/unclaimed land. I have previously drafted an alternative theory. Neither claims that all existing property, or even the existing property *system*, is therefore libertarianpapers.org/5-man-matter-f…
legitimate, only that there can be legitimate private property. This is enough to carefully consider the concept, which must be accepted as a potential alternative solution for social production and economy. The arguments for property-based production are very strong, which is,
This is the type of nonsense we get without basic understanding of economy: Government is recommended to lure businesses to close by offering them money. There are many problems with this, including where that money comes from, but the greatest is the upending of what
economy means. By establishing a payment system based on paying off *producers*, government effectively does away with consumer sovereignty. Businesses remain in business and earn profits because consumers value what they have to offer. When consumers don't, then the business
fails. Like so many other schemes, this pretend-smart nonsense by @CEPS_thinktank and @WEF mistake the market economy for production management. Suggesting to pay off producers to not produce effectively shift the determination of the production structure away from consumer wants
Needs do not matter. History is full of thinkers falling into the trap of referring to needs as were they something real and distinct. But by referring to what people "need," you're really using rhetoric without substance. You are creating the illusion that your claims are
objective, whereas they are not. To put it differently, it sounds smart but isn't. Economists recognized this fact in the early 1870s, which caused a revolution in the study of economics. Until then, they had, like everybody else, been trapped by thinking of people's needs in the
objective meaning that the term seems to imply. But there is nothing objective about it, and even if there were--it would still be irrelevant. So referring to "need" in your argument is akin to the trade of stage magicians: what you're doing looks impressive, but it's not. When
Let's clear up some misconceptions about #AustrianEconomics. If people want to dismiss this school of thought, which many seem inclined to do for political (not theoretical) reasons, at least they should do so based on facts and knowledge, not on falsehoods. Here are corrections:
"Austrian economics is not empirical."
False.
Empirical studies ("history") are important in AE and have larger scope than in mainstream economics. Mises worked with applied research in the Vienna Chamber of Commerce and founded the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research,
for which he appointed Hayek as the first director. This is where Hayek did much of the business cycle research that later won him the Nobel Prize. What critics fail to understand is Austrians' narrower definition of theory, which is not a collection of hypotheses but true,