15 January 1918 | Polish woman Janina Unkiewicz was born in Lublin. A student.

In #Auschwitz from 12 December 1942 No. 26776
She escaped during the evacuation of the camp. Image
Janina Unkiewicz was a member of the resistance. She was arrested and incarcerated first in the Lublin Castle, then in the Auschwitz camp. After the war, she completed her studies & become a teacher of Polish literature. She passed away in 1987.
In her testimony from 25 January 1947 she described one roll-call in February 1943:

'We stood in the cold during the roll call from 6.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Then, about 20 women died during the roll call itself, as they didn’t have warm clothes, and many caught a cold...
...and developed serious illnesses, of which they later died in the Revier. Following these roll calls, the mortality rate was approximately 300 women per day. When the roll call was over, the inmates had to go – one by one and running – through the gate leading to the camp...
... They were awaited by the camp authorities, Mandel, a man by the surname of Taube & Mandel’s helpers: Drechsler & Hasse. All of them pushed to the ditch those women who crossed the gate clumsily, tripped or fell. These women were taken to the death block & afterwards gassed.'

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More from @AuschwitzMuseum

17 Jan
Before the 76th anniversary of the liberation of #Auschwitz we bring together the most important facts about the last stage of the operation of this German Nazi camp. See the rest of this [THREAD] below. 1/11 #Auschwitz76 Image
At the beginning of 1945, there were around 67,000 prisoners in the Auschwitz camp system. On 12 January 1945, the Soviets started their offensive. In mid-January head of the SS in the region, Ernst Schmauser gave the order to evacuate Auschwitz. 2/11
The final evacuation began on 17 January 1945. Around 58,000 prisoners were evacuated from the Auschwitz camp system. Columns of prisoners were leaving the camps and subcamps between 17 and 21 January. 3/11
Read 11 tweets
17 Jan
17 January 1933 | French Jewish girl Rosa Lisoprawski was born in Paris.

She arrived at #Auschwitz on 22 January 1944 in a transport of 1,115 Jews deported from Drancy. She was murdered after selection in the gas chamber. Image
Rosa Lisoprawski was deported in transport no. 66 from Drancy together with her parents Mendel and Rywka as well as her three younger siblings: Paulette, Samek and Daniel. None of them survived. ImageImageImage
Mendel and Rywka Lisoprawski in Montsouris park in Paris together with their three children Rosa, Samek and Daniel & their niece and nephew. Image
Read 4 tweets
16 Jan
Even being awaken in the middle of the night, the prisoners needed to be able to provide their number in German.

Numbers allow us to give a specific date of deportation. There were several number series applied - separate for women & men, and also for various categories-groups.
The first 30 numbers were give to German criminal prisoners who arrived at the camp on 20 May 1940. The first number for a political prisoner - 31 - was given to a Pole - Stanisław Ryniak - who was brought with the I transport from Tarnów on 14 June 1940. Image
Among the 400 thousand people who were registered in #Auschwitz as prisoners there were:

200,000 Jews
140,000 Poles
21,000 Roma & Sinti
12,000 Soviet POWs
9,000 Czechs
6,000 Belarussians
4,000 Germans
4,000 French
1,500 Russians
& others
Read 10 tweets
15 Jan
One of the most recognizable parts of Auschwitz complex is a railway siding & a selection ramp in Birkenau. Its construction began in early 1944. In this thread you can read a fragment of a book by Rudolf Vrba about preparations made for extermination of Hungarian Jews. Image
"On January 15, 1944, around 10 am, I saw from my barracks at the BIIa sector a group of good-looking prisoners who marched through the gate in Birkenau into the area between sectors BIa and BIIa...
...I saw that they were busy setting tripods with theodolites and, moving patches levelling and recording the measurement results, so all geodesic routines performed before the start of the new construction.
Read 8 tweets
7 Jan
‘Holocaust–the destruction of European Jews’
A seven-lessons free online course about the history od the #Holocaust.

Part I: #Holocaust – problems of terminology and interpretation lekcja.auschwitz.org/25_en_terminol…

(see the thread for links to next chapters)
Part II: Anti-Judaism and antisemitism – indirect causes of the Holocaust lekcja.auschwitz.org/23_en_antyjuda…

Part III: The development of Nazism and persecution of the Jews in Germany 1918-1939: lekcja.auschwitz.org/26_en_rozwoj_n…
Part IV: Situation of the Jews in the first years of the war (1939-1941) lekcja.auschwitz.org/24_en_ludobojs…

Part V: Ghettos – an intermediate stage to the extermination lekcja.auschwitz.org/27_en_getta/

Part VI: Endlösung – direct extermiantion stage lekcja.auschwitz.org/28_en_endlosun…
Read 4 tweets
6 Jan
6 January 1945 | Four female Jewish prisoners were hanged at the Lagererweiterung of Auschwitz: Ella Gartner, Róża Robota, Regina Safir & Estera Wajsblum. They were condemned to death for assisting the Sonderkommando in the revolt that broke out on 7 October 1944 in Birkenau. 1/4
They provided the Sonderkommando with explosives from the depots of the Weichsel-Union-Metallwerke, where three of the women worked. They smuggled it to the camp & Róża Robota delivered all the material to the Sonderkommando prisoners. 2/4
The execution had two stages. Two of the women were hanged during the evening roll call in the presence of the male and female prisoners who worked the night shift at Weichsel-Union. Two others were hanged after the return of the squad that worked the dayshift. 3/4
Read 5 tweets

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