Viruses love to mutate. And some viruses mutate more than others. The biggest challenge for our immune system and any vaccination strategy that uses it, are viral mutations.
So why did the polio vaccine work while most of the #COVID19 vaccines will not?
A short thread.
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The development of the polio vaccine was heralded as a major public health triumph. And it really was.
But did we just get lucky?
You see, polio has a higher mutation rate than HIV (which there's no current vaccine for). So why didn't polio escape vaccine?
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Because being good at mutating is one thing. And being able to out-mutate and escape vaccine is another. Being able to do both and still be a functional virus that can successfully infect a host is something altogether different.
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Researchers studying polio were puzzled as to why it wasn't mutating its way around the vaccine. That led some people to believe that it wasn't that polio couldn't escape vaccine but rather in doing so, it mutated itself into oblivion.
Corona's been mutating from the very beginning (counter to what the experts predicted) and unlike polio it's been getting better, not worse, at infecting and killing.
What does this mean for our vaccine strategy?
It's bound to fail.
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Why are 95% of 'supercentenarians' (those who are 110 years of age and beyond) women?
Because biological sex.
And so, a short thread on sex and longevity.
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From the beginning of life more girls make it their first birthday almost everywhere around the world, according to the @WHO. Girls have lower rates of prematurity and fewer complications after birth.
Females don't wait long to begin to dominate when it comes to survival.
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Women are naturally resistant to cancer.
Throughout life, women not only develop less cancers in organs and tissues that they share with men, but even when they do, they're much more likely to survive them.
Note: this is the case even when we adjust for behavior.
The evolutionary arms race will never really end between microbes and humans. They (microbes) have as much to lose as we do if it does.
Microbes are responsible for some of the most profound differences between humans which we can still observe even today. This has been true since the first human.
Some humans are born able to naturally resist HIV. This is thanks to them inheriting a small but significant genetic change - CCR5 delta 32.
It is an unwritten law of biology that human males are much more fragile and lack the stamina and resilience in the face of biological challenges such as cancer and infections.
Notwithstanding their greater muscle mass and physical strength, males are the XY heterogametic genetically weaker sex
The cost that XX females pay for their immunological vigor is a much higher preponderance towards developing autoimmunity.