TITLE: PUNCTUATION IN ENGLISH WRITING
DURATION: 15 Minutes Read/Day for 5 days.
COST: Just RT with the hashtag #PunctuationMatters
DAY 2
📎 END MARKS: FULL STOP, QUESTION MARK & EXCLAMATION MARK
End marks are punctuation that are used to show the end of a sentence. They're common and easy to use in English writing. However, they could be missed and and contextually misused.
There are three end marks punctuation in English language.
Alright.
Any questions?
Let's go!
1. Period (.)
2 Question Mark (?) 3. Exclamation Mark (!)
Review: 1. Alright. 2. Any questions? 3. Let's go!
You need to understand the four different types of sentences to use end marks properly. End marks end sentences, but what kind of sentence do each of them end?
1. Declarative Sentences: These sentences are used to make a point, state a fact or present an opinion.
"Joe Biden is the 46th President of the United States of America."
2. Interrogative Sentences: Interrogative sentences ask direct questions.
"Who is there?"
3. Imperative Sentences: These sentences are used to make requests or give orders.
"Please be on time."
"Watch out!"
4. Exclamatory Sentences:
These sentences are used to show emphasis or strong emotion.
"Wow!"
"This is incredible!"
So, let's see how to use these three end marks.
1. Full Stop: The Full Stop mark is primarily used to declarative sentences. For example,
I love cheese.
Chelsea won the game by two goals.
The time is 4:00pm.
However, it can be used to end indirect interrogative sentences too.
For example,
"Mrs. Balarabe asked John if he knew the meaning of the school motto."
NB: These indirect questions come in past tense.
The Full Stop can also be used to end light interrogative sentences. For example,
"Please give me three cubes of sugar."
Lastly, the Full Stop is also used to end abbreviations shortened words. Pay attention here.
For example, four o'clock can be written as 4:00 P. M. Now, if you use it as the last word in sentence, don't add another full stop.
"I will read by 4:00 P. M."
"I took the short writing course that was organized by Pen World Cathedral Inc."
Inc. is a shortened form of incorporated. However, we did not add another full stop when it ends a sentence.
NB: Only one full stop mark should end each sentence. It should never be two.
2. Question Mark: The Question Mark is used to end interrogative sentences (direct questions and question fragments.)
For example,
You cried?"
"Where is Mr. Shola?"
"Will you show up tomorrow?"
Question fragments
"I bought the course. Did you?"
"You did not soro soke. Why?"
3. Exclamatory Mark: Exclamation mark or exclamation point is used to end exclamatory and strong imperative sentences.
"I can't believe you lost!"
"Thank you!"
"Praise the Lord
"Danger ahead."
You can also use it to insert emotions to a question.
"How wonderful!"
As much as you can, avoid using exclamation especially in professional, business and corporate writing. You should rather use adjectives and adverbs to describe the emotions in a clearer way.
"I passed my exams!"
"I am excited about my exam results. I passed all my subjects."
Think about these three sentences:
1. I went shopping.
2. I went shopping!
End marks like other punctuations give visual clues to the reader about what the writer is saying.
In the first sentence, shopping appears casual or dull. In the second sentence, shopping is fun.
Note: 1. Full Stop is called period in American English.
2. Any word that comes after an end mark punctuation must start with a capital letter.
Read our previous thread on "Rules of Capitalization in English Writing."
Yesterday, we talked about end marks: full stop, question mark and exclamation mark. While these punctuation marks end sentences, the COMMA mark indicates a small break or soft pause.
You can pause anywhere in speeches; not in writings.
Use a comma,
1. After an Introductory Phrase: Always separate an introductory word or phrase with a comma before the the main sentence.
Examples:
"Personally, I hate red shoes."
"After watching tennis, the man slumped and died."
Your social media handle is part of your personal branding tools.
Remember these:
1. Don't comment on everything. Stick to your brand.
2. Always overcome the "Likes, Retweet and Followers" syndrome. Your "brand" not the "gossips" will bring these.
3. If you must talk...
3. Be objective. Start with questions. Take time to observe the trend. Taking sides should be the last, and " late" thing you should do.
As a rule, "Observe things from the other side of the road. Look right, left, and right again before you cross to the other side.
4. Be a listener. On social media, your keypad is an extension of your tongue. Your eyes is an extension of your ears. Just take your hands off, and read. Listen. Learn.
5. Don't debate controversial issues that your talking won't solve or contribute to.
Never make an ungodly person or a non-Christian your model for financial prosperity. Never!
They could be popular. They could tell you about their legitimate businesses. THEY COULD BE HONEST, but you can never tell. What my ears heard today?
Thread. RT.
1.
My Mum usually tells me, "Sometimes if a rich man tells you how he made his money, you'll prefer to be poor."
I'll rephrase it:
"Most times, if ungodly, unconverted rich men (who may be attending church) tell you how they make their money, you'll prefer to be poor."
I'd a conversation with a senior colleague today. We went to do some laboratory work in a secluded lab, and he started talking (he's not a good fellow with secrets even before now).
We talked about earning as a civil servant and he told me a lot about his own work history.
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