1) Just in case: those are non-nuclear, and it is complicated to reverse thing. 2) Even w/ conventional weapons those are quite capable to give a hard time...
1/
...because - JASSM family, incl -ER and anti-ship LRASM. So sensitive targets on the territory of Russia and in adjacent waters are under threat.
In the future, the Lancers might get equipped with even more unpleasant things, incl. ARRW and conv. LRSO.
2/
3) Such a deployment is not limited by anything. I hope that transparency for such operations to reduce escalation risks will be a part of the work plans for RU/US strategic stability discussions, which were recently mentioned (again) by A.Blinken.
3/
I have no doubts that some proposals and areas are included in the "security equation", the discussion of which was proposed by Russia.
4) In a strictly military sense, there are hardly any new and unexpected measures required on the Russian side.
4/
Repelling "modern means of aerospace attack" is the basic task of combat training of the RU armed forces, as well as one of the priorities of military development. Moreover, it will allow the domestic aerospace forces, and primarily the radio-technical troops, to update data..
5/
..on practical activities of the USAF, as well as on RU ability to timely detect and suppress these activities.
5) Symmetrical reciprocal measures, i.e. the deployment of Russian long-range aviation, in South America or in the Caribbean, is too resource-intensive...
6/
...with a relatively modest effect. At the same time, the appearance of cruise missile-armed aircraft outside of the Russian territory is not at all excluded - for example, as stated in the past, the Khmeimim airfield in Syria can receive such aircraft.
7/
The key is the issue of goals: in the case of the US the mission is dubious, but very frankly articulated: support of the allies and deterrence of RU. Tasks that can be solved by a pair of Tu-160 in Syria, but cannot be solved from their permanent bases, are not yet obvious.
8/8
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Plans for ground echelon:
- dual-band radar in Vorkuta
- high-potential radar in Murmansk
- radar in Sevastopol'
- by 2030 - modernization of Krasnodar and Irkutsk radars, new construction in Leningrad and Far East.
Space echelon: EKS to be completed by 2024.
There is information integration and sharing between EW, MD and Space Control systems.
Detection:
EKS controls possible launch regions in the Northern Hemisphere by HEO satellites which detect the launch flame from ~40000 km; data from sat is transmitted to ground control post, which, after validation, sends data to EW ("ATTENTION") and MD ("ALARM").
An "'international protocol" extending the Agreement on ballistic missile and space launch vehicles launch notifications between Russia and China.
"This Protocol shall be temporarily applied from December 15, 2020 and shall enter into force on the day of receipt through diplomatic channels of the last written notification of the implementation by the Parties of the domestic procedures necessary for its entry into force."
BTW so far I haven't managed to find the relevant ratification documents on the Duma website.
Finally tried to find a rough answer to the question about number of Russian long range non-nuclear (;))cruise (and quasiballistic;))) missiles, a topic I was very much interested myself.
Brief estimation give around 2000-3000 depending on the state of legacy systems, assumptions on number of spare missiles and production capacities. About half of that might be available for first salvo. ~55% are air, with slightly less than 30% ground, what remains - sea.
2/
At the same time, 'sea leg of the non-nuclear triad' has a trend of a gradual increase in the coming years, because kalibrization is a thing, and this thing is speeding up. And it will also be augmented with tsirkonization. Both with new hulls and modernized combatants.
13th MD in Orenburg deployed another Avangard missile system w/ hypersonic glide winged vehicle. Support equipment, incl. transporter, looks rather oldschool.