1/4 Not something I want to dwell on but I had a disclaimer in the tweet that said it depends on how meat is processed. For the study I was referring to, they did measure carbs in meat and there was daily ingestion of liver which will have lots of glycogen, as well as cholesterol
2/4 If the animals are slaughtered in the fasting state, then most glycogen will be depleted or used up to make lactic acid in rigor mortis (ATP depletetion) assuming they dont process it quickly. In modern day, I suspect glycogen (carb) content of muscle (i.e steak) is only 1-2%
3/4 For my own practice, I highly discourage "animal product" keto diets in my patients, simply because they already either have CVD or high risk for it, or genetic disorders that raise their LDL-C, and eating saturated fat and cholesterol is the worst thing they can do
4/4 Mediterranean diet is my recommendation all the way around- very palatable, social, lots of anti-oxidants, mostly plant based but includes meat but not too often. Its also very hard to get sick of it (pun 😀) and see-saw through life with different diets and weight issues
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1/12x This is a follow-up to Saturday Morning Class #10 Lp(a) and diet. @stsimikas@OxPL_apoB It shows there is nothing new under the sun. It’s an interesting story of Vilhjalmur Stefansson Arctic explorer from early 1900’s.
2/12 He lived among the Inuits (AKA Eskimos), who then ate a carnivore diet (sea mammals, fish, wild game, no carbs or vegetables) and only drank water. This is the same diet our 2 cats, Captain Jack and Leonardo, eat.
3/12 He ate this diet and only drank water and had no untoward effects, except when eating very lean meat with no fat in winter from wild game that had no fat, developing diarrhea and other symptoms (back then it was called “protein poisoning”).
1- ApoB-100 represents all cholesterol-rich particles (VLDL, IDL, LDL, Lp(a)) and laboratory calculated or measured "LDL-C" is really IDL, LDL, Lp(a). So when you order an apoB you also get VLDL-apoB
2/7 2- if the patient has normal TG, VLDL-C (and remnant cholesterol) is very low, so in this case apoB adds very little. In fact, correlation of apoB with LDL is >0.9, so not worth the extra expense
3/7 3- If TG/VLDL is elevated, the chol content shifts to larger particles, and in this case the correlation of apoB to LDL declines. The real LDL-C is lower and VLDL-C is higher. Thus lab LDL-C is less predictive, but apoB captures all the cholesterol on VLDL so better predictor
Happy Saturday to all. Today, we will review evidence of Lp(a) as a risk factor for stroke in children, middle aged adults and elderly.
First, a graphic, note increase in papers in Medline since 1986
2/23 Useful fact: on Medline, searches for “Lp(a)”, “Lp (a)”, “lipoprotein(a)” or “lipoprotein (a)” don’t work. You need to use “lipoprotein a”. Medline has 8,759 citations on “lipoprotein a”. There are 611 citations on “lipoprotein a and stroke”, so 6.9% of citations
3/23 I have probably read only 25% of these (hopefully the key ones). If each takes 30 minutes on average to get the gist, it will take ~4400 hours to get through all of them, or 547, 8-hour days of just reading papers… so about 2 full years not including weekends. Daunting.
1/20 Saturday Morning Class #12 Lp(a) and clinical trials
Welcome back to class, and a healthy and fulfilling 2021. Despite the ongoing chaos of life and society and all it entails, if one looks at events historically over centuries or millennia, humans continue to evolve...
2/20 ..to make life fairer and just. I am optimistic that progress will continue to be made for all people, even though in the moment it may not seem like it to many.
3/20 Now back to science, medicine and the search for Lp(a) truth.
The highest evidence for a medical ‘truth’ is a randomized, double blind (patient and investigators don’t know the treatment one is assigned to), placebo controlled trial, with an adequate number of patients
There are several types of diabetes mellitus- type 1, type 2 and some in between. The fundamental problem is that there is not enough insulin to regulate blood glucose, either because it is missing (type 1) .
2/18 or because there is "insulin resistance” (type 2), in which case insulin levels are high but ineffective, primarily due to resistance at the muscle level. There are other kinds of diabetes, such as diabetes insipidus, which can be due to pituitary or renal disorders.
3/18 Both types of diabetes cause thirst and paradoxical increased urine flow, but one has glucose in the urine and the other does not. For this reason, it was thought in 19th century that diabetes was due to kidney abnormalities, which in fact it is primary pancreas/liver/muscle
1/5 Answer: Koroneiki is one of the highest in polyphenols in general. The other 3 highest are Cornicabra, Coratina, Moraiolo
A brief primer on olive oil (OO): 1- green color is due to higher content of chlorophyll A and B, yellow is due to carotenoids. Green = earlier harvest
2/5 2- OO contains 55-83% oleic acid, 18 carbons, 1 double bond (18:1, monounsaturated). 3- The rest is saturated(<5%) and 18:2 fatty acids (<20%). If there more than ~1% 18:3, it means its adulterated - mixed with other oils and is fake. This is detected by chemical analysis
3/5 4- extra virgin OO has low 'acid' content (<0.8%), i.e. free fatty acids (FFA) broken down from the triglyceride. Ideally should be pressed by 24 hours after picking, but the FFA is key
5- should be very low in peroxides (pro-oxidant, rancidness) - i.e not exposed to O2