And for those of you who still auscultate the precordium you would have heard the elusive 'tumour plop'....of course you would.
But lets get back to the basics of M- Mode use in the PLAX view
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Firstly the AV:
Here is a normal m-mode image through the AV during the cardiac cycle - note: 1. How systole and diastole are identified by ECG 2. Opening of the RCC and NCC to form the 'envelope' 3. Symmetry of the envelope 4. Closure line at end syst.
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Compare this to m mode in severe AS where there is no identifiable opening of the cusps:
4/6 Now the normal MV m-mode image - m-mode through the MV leaflets:
Note 1. The movement of the AMVL during the cardiac cycle 2. Initial hump (E wave) is early diastolic filling 3. Second hump (A wave) is the flutter caused by atrial contraction
5/6 Follow the Anterior MV leaflet during the cycle and see if you can identify the 2 humps :
Also note that unlike the myxoma - the space in between the MV leaflets is black = blood, not white = tissue
6/6 It is routinely used for LV fractional shortening as a quantification of LV systolic function:
1. C = LV end systolic internal diameter 2. B = LV end diastolic internal diameter
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1 Welcome to #researchmethodologies with @DrAoifeBee
Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves are a wonderfully informative way of presenting survival outcomes over time. But how do we interpret them? Survival analysis determines the probability of a binary outcome (aka an event or a failure)
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Survival means the event being studied has not occurred yet - the patient is still alive if you’re analysing mortality, the baby has not been delivered if analysing births, the patient has not yet met whatever criteria you have decided constitutes an event in your study.
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In medical research, the binary outcome of interest is commonly survival vs death though other outcomes/events can be used. KM curves are a visual way of showing the fraction of patients living over time after a treatment, or lack of treatment if in a control group.