U.S. trial of AztraZeneca results out. 32,449 adult participants, 2 doses, 4 wks apart. 5 cases of severe COVID-19 illness and all in placebo arm so protects against this (from WaPo article). 141 cases total, 79% effective, 80% in those >65; no clots
apnews.com/article/us-dat…
Think great to have 4th option. But agree with this article is U.S. isn't going to use the doses, then please donate them
nytimes.com/2021/03/17/opi…
Here is actual press release from U. of Oxford on the new trial- conducted in U.S., Chile, Peru. Must have given more details to reporters to get the above, but the page also includes all the previous AZ data and the real-world data so nice summary overall
ox.ac.uk/news/2021-03-2…
And here is Washington Post article with 5 severe outcomes from COVID-19 in placebo arm; 0 in vaccine arm
washingtonpost.com/world/europe/a…
Here is press release from NIH on AZ. 32,449 participants enrolled across 88 sites in the U.S, Chile and Peru. One participant received a placebo for every two participants who received AZD1222, resulting in approximately 20,000 people receiving vaccine.
nih.gov/news-events/ne…
Two doses of 5 x10^10 viral particles four weeks apart.
Vax 78.9% in preventing symptomatic COVID-191 00% ,efficacy in preventing severe or critical disease and hospitalization (only 5 though). In >=65 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 was 79.9%.
Review of thrombotic events (blood clots) & cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) found no increased risk in vaccinated participants. Diversity: 79% white, 22% Hispanic, 8% Black or African American, 4% Native American, 60% had comorbidities predisposing to severe illness

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More from @MonicaGandhi9

24 Mar
Bad News Bias: "The U.S. media is offering a different picture of Covid-19 from science journals or the international media, a study finds." Incredibly incisive continued reporting by @DLeonhardt of NYT. Media in this country biased towards bad news.
nytimes.com/2021/03/24/bri…
It is not your imagination. See figure on share of COVID-19 coverage that is negative. Article writes "If we’re constantly telling a negative story, we are not giving our audience the most accurate portrait of reality. We are shading it". This portrait of reality is not Image
what we are reading in the science journals, where reality is so much more positive. Media is focusing on few places where cases rising, not majority where they are falling for instance. Or not focused enough on who is still in hospital- unvaccinated. Grateful to @DLeonhardt
Read 4 tweets
23 Mar
True, cases going up in Michigan, uptick in hospitalizations but deaths remaining low so far, 3 facts:
-Smaller proportion of new cases from >=60 yrs old
-Hospitalizations per case lower than rate before vaccines started
-Deaths staying low
bridgemi.com/michigan-healt…
See this report. So, like in UK and Israel when B117 more transmissible, vaccinations will bring this down but would go as fast as possible there, keep restrictions until get to higher rate, will come down. Severity of illness/ case lower already with vax: wwmt.com/news/local/as-…
And twitter friend reminded me prior surges in Michigan were more mild so likely not a lot of natural immunity. Unlike CA which has 30% natural immunity after latest surge + vaccines on top of it= quick quell
sfchronicle.com/health/article…
Read 4 tweets
22 Mar
When people say 'it is a race between cases and vaccines', I don't really think variants are driving that race, just the virus itself. In the 3 places in the country where variants most prevalent (FL, Michigan, CA), cases going down in 2 of them (FL, CA). cdc.gov/coronavirus/20… Image
Above is link if you want to look at variant prevalence in our country from CDC (of course, depends on genotyping). Nor - to be fair- does opening in FL, Mississippi, Texas seem to be associated with increasing cases although other states opening too. nytimes.com/interactive/20… Image
Overall across varied country, cases, hospitalizations and deaths all down as shown by above link and figures as we increase vaccination rate but vaccination rate still variable across country & 25% of our population has had 1 dose (compared to 40% UK).
nytimes.com/interactive/20…
Read 4 tweets
21 Mar
Wanted to drill down a bit more about the importance of the T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 to give you more reassurance of enduring protection from vaccines (even against variants). Technical article here but CD4/CD8 cells have role in both acute infection cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092…
But, importantly, in recovered infection to give you durable immunity, along with memory B cells. Latter simulated by vaccine-induced immunity (you didn't get acute infection, you stimulate the immune response so that you can't get infected if you encounter virus). If you
just measure antibodies, you are measuring "tip of iceberg" in terms of your immune response to natural infection or vaccination so always ask - what about T cell responses to either? (and eventually, memory B cells too which give you long durable immunity). In fact, authors
Read 12 tweets
20 Mar
Proud to have written with @tracyhoeg, @doctortara, Dr. Daniel Johnson. Please read data on relative risks to children from COVID vs school closings. "Our next national priority should be to reopen all America's schools for full time in-person learning"
thehill.com/opinion/health…
Important to know data, epidemiology, clear facts when making decisions: "COVID-19 deaths in children are tragic but rare. To put the mortality risk in perspective, in California, there were 14 deaths among children ages 5-17 from COVID-19 in 2020, lower than the number of
children who die of influenza in a typical year. COVID-19 also poses a much lower risk of death than suicides in youth... 213 deaths among 5-17 year olds in the U.S. from COVID-19 in the past 12 months...nearly three times as many deaths by suicide — 596 deaths — in
Read 6 tweets
19 Mar
T cell thread: Wanted to address T cells a bit more and why I think the AZ vaccine actually would work to prevent severe disease against the B.1.351 variant (although the S. Africa trial was not allowed to continue to show this outcome). So, remember that immunity comprises two
arms - antibody responses and T cells. T cells are the major immune defense against viruses. For instance, since the HIV virus infects CD4 cells, those with advanced HIV are susceptible to severe viral (and parasitic) infections. So, HIV doctors think about "T cells" a lot! Ok,
as discussed before, T cell responses to natural infection or vaccines help protect you against severe disease with SARS-CoV-2. Some papers below on this: a functional T cell response will modulate the severity of disease if you get infected or after vaccination.
Read 16 tweets

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