Images of Infectious Diseases

This is middle turbinate of a 64 ICH with epistaxis s/p CAR-T for refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

What is your DDx? #MayoIDQ next Image
64M refractory DLBCL
s/p CAR-T —> cytokine release syndrome Rx tocilizumab and steroids

CC: epistaxis x 2w
PE: lesion in hard palate; nasal endoscopy (photo). CT dense material in sinuses.

What is next best step?
3/
Biopsies from left hard palate and nasal cavity lesions were obtained (photo). Culture: Fusarium sp.

Suggested answer: ENT surgery for biopsy / diagnostics + debridement

Often: diagnostics and empiric Rx are concurrent in real life. Image
4/
Case diagnosis: invasive Fusariosis in ICH after CAR-T for refractory DLBCL

Initial empiric Rx: LAmB + voriconazole

Case reported by @S_Chesdachai and ID fellow colleagues
We feature their report today for our #ScholarlySunday series Image

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More from @MayoClinicINFD

3 Apr
Weekend Digest

An Korean immigrant presented with early stage cholangiocarcinoma.

H & E stained tissue biopsy shown.

Name the pathogen and mechanism of infection. Image
2/
Case Diagnosis:
#Clonorchis sinensis - oriental liver fluke

“The eggs of Clonorchis are practically indistinguishable from those of #Opisthorchis” (photo credit: CDC) Image
3/
#Chlonorchis sinensis (and #Opistorchis)

Human infection is acquired by ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish (with metacercariae)

—> excyst in duodenum —> ascend biliary tree —> mature into adults in biliary ducts

cdc.gov/dpdx/clonorchi… Image
Read 7 tweets
23 Mar
Images of Infectious Diseases

H&E of brain biopsy specimen.

Who is the host? What is the most likely pathogen? How do you treat?
#MayoIDQ Image
2/ #MayoIDQ
75F. Immunocompetent.
CC: headache x few months —> now left leg weakness, blurred vision, seizure. CBC/CMP normal. CT head: mass in right ventricle, pons. CT chest/abdomen for CA work up (-). Brain biopsy (photo).

Which of the following is the most likely pathogen?
3/
Case diagnosis: cerebral #phaeohyphomycosis due to #cladophialophora

Note pigmented hyphae —> excludes Aspergillus (hyaline septate mould)

Among 3 remaining choices, the most common neurotrophic dematiaceous mould is Cladophialophora bantiana
Read 7 tweets
9 Mar
#MayoIDQ #IDBR
45M CC: tender mass on left thigh that started as an “insect bite” 4 days ago. No F/C. PE: tender fluctuant 2-cm mass with surrounding erythema.

After I&D of abscess in the clinic, what do you recommend?
2/
2014 IDSA guideline recommends incision and drainage of purulent SSTI (abscess)

Antibiotics vs MRSA / S. aureus as an adjunct to I&D if:
1. SIRS
2. Failed initial Ab Rx
3. Impaired host defense

Any new data since then?

doi.org/10.1093/cid/ci…
3/
After 2014 IDSA guideline, placebo-controlled RCTs were published on use of antibiotics (TMP SMX or clindamycin) for uncomplicated SSTI abscess ... (next)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Read 5 tweets
2 Mar
#MayoIDQ: 86M DM

2 wk of R ear pain / nasal discharge

Now: R frontal HA, facial pain, vision loss

PE: R ptosis, CN III, IV, VI palsies, purulence R middle meatus

CT: R sided paranasal sinusitis w/ phlegmonous extension to orbital apex

What is DDx, work up and etiology?
2/
Diagnosis: Orbital Apex Syndrome

S/S due to involvement of structures in orbital apex: most common vision loss and painful / limited eye movement

CN palsies
* Optic nerve
* Oculomotor nerve
* Trochlear nerve
* First division of trigeminal nerve
* Abducens nerve
3/
DDx (overlapping symptoms) of orbital apex syndrome

1. Cavernous sinus thrombosis
2. Superior orbital fissure syndrome

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Read 7 tweets
27 Feb
Weekend Digest

Name the disease and its pathogen, risk factor, prevention and treatment.
2/
Disease: #Anisakiasis

Pathogens (most common):
Anisakis simplex complex
Pseudoterranova decipiens complex
Contracecum osculatum complex

Photo credit: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid…
3/
Risk factor #Anisakiasis

Consumption of raw / undercooked fish / squid

“Ascaridoid” nematodes (roundworm) of whales, seals (“seal worm”), marine mammals —> eggs excreted in water —> larva in crustaceans —> ingested by fish (“herringworm”, “codworm”) —> consumed by humans
Read 7 tweets
25 Feb
Images of Infectious Diseases

28F SLE on MTX
CC chest pain, vaginal DC
Rx pred for lupus

2 mo: fatigue, pruritic rash, visual floaters Rx pred

1 mo: blurred vision. PE iritis / chorioretinitis. Rx pred

Now b/l vision loss. PE panuveitis + chorioretinitis

DDx? #MayoIDQ Image
2/
28F HIV/HBV/HCV(-) SLE on MTX w chronic pain Rx as flare, vaginal discharge due to BV Rx metro (negative GC/chlamydia), skin rash x 2 w and progressive vision loss (photo). CXR clear. Indiana / no foreign travel. No animal exposures.

What is most likely diagnostic test?
3/
Case diagnosis: bilateral ocular syphilis with neurosyphilis

RPR 1:512
Syphilis antibody with reflex: positive
CSF VDRL 1:1

Rx: IV penicillin
Read 8 tweets

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