In the best case, the cause -> effect relationship between what you are changing and the performance of the backtest (say) is highly non-linear.
More likely there is no clear relationship.
2/n
Quant trading is not "changing stuff until you get a backtest you're happy with".
You need to split what you're doing into small component chunks and model those chunks as best you can.
3/n
Say you find that an effect you are trying to harness is positively correlated to volatility.
Your choice on how to forecast volatility should be based on *what forecasts volatility most effectively* over the timescale you are making trading decisions.
4/n
NOT what gives the best summary backtest - because that's a super complicated process you can't reason about.
Chunk down. Model the bits carefully. Pick parameters based on what each chunk is trying to achieve.
Don't just change random things and pick the glory backtest
5/5
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It's easy to lose money trading if you:
1. Trade too much (paying fees + impact on each txn)
2. Size positions too big (high vol hurts compounding ability + gets u rekt)
3. Shorting positive drift/risk premia
It's hard to lose money consistently if you avoid these things.
However clueless you are, you get to trade at market prices.
Imagine we can know that an asset has a fair value of $100.
You might think it's worth $150.
But if it's quoted $99 / $101, you can buy now at $101.
You were totally wrong but you still bought close to fair value.
The same mechanisms that make it hard to get an edge also make it hard for you to trade at really bad prices.
In a simple model, you might say that prices are set by:
- (risky) arbitrage and relative value in the short term
- pricing/valuation models in the long term
@InBraised If you can trade for free, then your optimal trading strategy (given reasonable return estimates) would be incredibly hyperactive.
You would continuously change portfolio weights according to your latest return estimates.
@InBraised In the real world, this would kill you, because trading frictions would eat away at your PnL.
So, one way to avoid hyperactive rebalancing is to only calculate your return estimates periodically (say once every day, or every week, or something).
@InBraised But this isn't optimal because, if your alpha is good, you want to be calculating it as often as possible. You just only want to be trading when the increase in expected returns from the new position is much better than the old position.
"Wealth management equity/bond rebalance flows are massive and, due to their size, may not be fully dispersed when performance differences (and therefore rebalance trades) are very large.
We might get paid for buying what they're selling around month-end"
"Institutional yield enhancement programs are massive and tend to be info-insensitive sellers of volatility on an up-tick in vol.
This may keep IVs depressed in the short-term, leading to trend effects in IV on significant bad news, which we could profitably trend-follow"