A common mistake is to make implementation decisions or parameter choices based on "what improves the summary performance of a backtest".

Quant research is not "changing random stuff and picking the best performing backtest"

1/n
A backtest is a very complicated thing.

In the best case, the cause -> effect relationship between what you are changing and the performance of the backtest (say) is highly non-linear.

More likely there is no clear relationship.

2/n
Quant trading is not "changing stuff until you get a backtest you're happy with".

You need to split what you're doing into small component chunks and model those chunks as best you can.

3/n
Say you find that an effect you are trying to harness is positively correlated to volatility.

Your choice on how to forecast volatility should be based on *what forecasts volatility most effectively* over the timescale you are making trading decisions.

4/n
NOT what gives the best summary backtest - because that's a super complicated process you can't reason about.

Chunk down. Model the bits carefully. Pick parameters based on what each chunk is trying to achieve.

Don't just change random things and pick the glory backtest

5/5

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More from @therobotjames

11 Apr
It's easy to lose money trading if you:
1. Trade too much (paying fees + impact on each txn)
2. Size positions too big (high vol hurts compounding ability + gets u rekt)
3. Shorting positive drift/risk premia

It's hard to lose money consistently if you avoid these things.
However clueless you are, you get to trade at market prices.

Imagine we can know that an asset has a fair value of $100.

You might think it's worth $150.

But if it's quoted $99 / $101, you can buy now at $101.

You were totally wrong but you still bought close to fair value.
The same mechanisms that make it hard to get an edge also make it hard for you to trade at really bad prices.

In a simple model, you might say that prices are set by:
- (risky) arbitrage and relative value in the short term
- pricing/valuation models in the long term
Read 15 tweets
30 Mar
Allow me to ramble for a bit about how I think about edge in trading. 👇👇👇

First, what we're trying to do is trade deviations from fair value.

We want to repeatedly:
- buy what's cheap
- sell what's expensive
- offset risk as cheaply and efficiently as possible.

1/n
We'll concentrate on the first two here.

Let's take a really simple example to start with. Imagine you have the same asset trading on two different exchanges.

Let's pretend it's some altcoin trading on two crypto exchanges (cos I want to look cool.)

2/n
Remember we want to be trading deviations from fair value?

Well, I don't have a clue what the fair value of some altcoin should be.

But maybe I don't need to.

I can certainly identify when it might be *relatively* cheap or expensive on each exchange.

3/n
Read 16 tweets
21 Mar
Most beginner traders don't realize just how variable the p&l of even a very high-performing trading strategy is.

I simulated 10 5 year GBM processes with annual return 20% / annual vol 10%.

(Simulating a strategy within known Sharpe 2 characteristics.)
I plotted the path with the highest ending equity (green), median (black) and lowest (red).

All paths are from exactly the same process, with the same known return distribution.

You might think of the green line as trading a strategy with a known large edge and being lucky.
You might think of the red line as trading a strategy with a known large edge and being unlucky.

Even when you were really lucky, you were underwater for 130 days.

When you were unlucky, you were underwater for 508 days (about 2 years)
Read 8 tweets
21 Mar
@InBraised If you can trade for free, then your optimal trading strategy (given reasonable return estimates) would be incredibly hyperactive.

You would continuously change portfolio weights according to your latest return estimates.
@InBraised In the real world, this would kill you, because trading frictions would eat away at your PnL.

So, one way to avoid hyperactive rebalancing is to only calculate your return estimates periodically (say once every day, or every week, or something).
@InBraised But this isn't optimal because, if your alpha is good, you want to be calculating it as often as possible. You just only want to be trading when the increase in expected returns from the new position is much better than the old position.
Read 4 tweets
20 Mar
Risk and Reward: A Quant Tragedy

Through careful research, you have assembled a collection of alphas that are correlated with future asset returns.

There's some conventional stuff (momentum, ST reversal, valuation, quality, short interest etc)...

1/7
There's some totally unique stuff (you think)...

And there's some stuff you're still clinging onto because you don't want to admit you wasted all that time and money on alternative data.

You take these alphas and you combine them into an expected return for each asset.

2/7
You run some simple sense checks. Each period you sort the assets by expected return, long the top and short the bottom.

It looks good. You are encouraged.

But you wouldn't trade it like that.

Some assets are more volatile than others, many are driven by similar risks

3/7
Read 7 tweets
19 Mar
Examples of "elevator pitches" for retail-friendly trades, that I would find reasonable 👇👇👇

1/4
"Wealth management equity/bond rebalance flows are massive and, due to their size, may not be fully dispersed when performance differences (and therefore rebalance trades) are very large.

We might get paid for buying what they're selling around month-end"
"Institutional yield enhancement programs are massive and tend to be info-insensitive sellers of volatility on an up-tick in vol.

This may keep IVs depressed in the short-term, leading to trend effects in IV on significant bad news, which we could profitably trend-follow"
Read 4 tweets

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