The key point here: There are always examples of silly valuations, especially among penny stocks, a hotbed of fraud, self-dealing, manipulation and nonsense.
My 2015 grilled cheese truck lesson? Be wary of drawing broad market conclusions from illiquid microcap scamcos
The company above - $GRLD -- seemed to have stoped trading in 2019
Another lesson: Markets are not perfectly + instantly efficient, but they are kinda sorta eventually efficient.
These stocks went public through shell companies + reverse mergers. They were the province of boiler room sales pitches, heavily promoted stocks or pump & dump schemes.
When US stock exchanges tightened listing rules, most of these junkcos were banished to the pink sheets.
Incentives (Arbitrage, paired trades) help keep stock prices in line relatively to indices + comparable stocks. But who wants to police microcap stocks whose prices are out of whack?
No one.
They are too small + easily manipulated for institutions to get involved with
When the short squeeze began on Gamestop $GME it had a $3 billion market cap.
Does anyone really want to short a tiny $100m company?
How many Reddit/WallStreetBets posts would it take to make that rally 10X?
I bet there are dozens of tiny companies trading on the pink sheets right now that are at absurd valuations.
No one has the incentives to go find them to short/arbitrage them back to reality.
Hence, lots of examples of really dumb stocks trading at really absurd valuations
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"If you were prescient enough to buy a 1954 300SL new for $7k MSRP + locked it away, it would fetch ~$1.4 million today. Annualized return of 8% before inflation, storage + maintenance.
Most funds performed better + required zero oil filters."
To say nothing of the inherent Survivorship Bias in looking at the cars that did appreciate: Selecting investments after the fact is easy; ask yourself this question: What car do you want to buy as an investment for the next 60 years to be sold in 2081?