Thinking about the report I found at one point of a tribe in south america that would crush up and snort the tips of their poison darts when their preferred psychoactives weren't available (ayahuasca, etc)
I managed to find the compounds they were ingesting in this case, it turns out the frog secretion commonly used in many poison darts binds to the opioid receptors creating a potent but atypical sedative/analgesic effect, likely potent enough to kill an animal but not a human
It's also possible that the tribe did this semi-frequently and had developed a tolerance to the effects, similar to that seen with the practice of rubbing kambo into skin, another frog secretion which contains similar compounds
There was another really incredible report I heard of a tribe where the shaman would discover new useful botanicals by taking brugmansia (deleriant similar to datura) then wandering into the rainforest for days
He would fall asleep under a specific tree that was hewn out by a species of ant that puts off this black secretion all over the base lf the trunk, which was considered to be a portal to an alternate realm, similar to the irish legend of "fairy rings"
The shaman would sleep there for a few days, during which time he would be visited by spirits who would give him a new plant and instruct him on its uses, then when he awakened he would find said plant in his hand and return to his people to pass on the info

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More from @ck_eternity_

15 Apr
Postpartum depression seems to stem largely from copper overload disrupting neurotransmitter balance, driven by increased estrogen

Progesterone dropping can contribute as well, as it reduces levels of allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid that potentiates GABA signalling
Allopregnanolone injections are approved for treatment of postpartum with good results, though they can be overly expensive and cause sedative side effects

De-coppering therapies also show good results in some studies, specifically increasing metallothionein expression with zinc
Other nutrients that may increase metallothionein include NAC, manganese, B6, and vitamins C + E, increasing glutathione may also be useful

If free copper is present it's important to be careful not to clear it too quickly, as dumping excess copper can caused many side effects
Read 5 tweets
14 Apr
If I could only recommend someone one supplement, it would be magnesium

If I could only recommend two, the second would be thiamine
For magnesium the magnesium chloride and magnesium glycinate forms work best, magnesium taurate is good as well

For thiamine I'd start with thiamine hydrochloride, then upgrade to benfotiamine if you react well to it
The only other nutrient the majority of the population would likely benefit from would be vitamin K2, specifically in the MK-7 form
Read 4 tweets
11 Apr
Methylation levels correlate directly with levels of serotonin and dopamine

When methylation is increased, their reuptake back into the neuron is reduced, so both neurotransmitters stay active at their receptors longer, while in undermethylation they are cleared too quickly
This is due to the effect that methylation has on serotonin and dopamine transporters, neurotransmitter production may not change at all, but their activity can be altered

Methylation issues occur in a significant portion of the population and are a huge factor in mental illness
Undermethylation symptoms may include: low pain tolerance, high libido, addictive personality, excess tears/saliva/mucus, elevated histamine, seasonal allergies, addictive personality, perfectionist/OCD tendencies, inner tension, intrusive thoughts/rumination, and calm affect
Read 5 tweets
6 Apr
I often get the impression that many people find biochemistry off-putting because the terminology is unfamiliar, but really it's not as complex as it sounds

Here are the definitions of a few terms I commonly use as an example:
Upregulation = an increase in the number of receptors, or production of signalling molecules like hormones or neurotransmitters

Neurogenesis = the creation of new neurons or connections between neurons
Epigenetics = the regulation of how genes are expressed, almost like a bookmarking system that highlights or limits the expression of certain genes

Anabolism = the process of synthesis or building up in biology

Catabolism = the process of metabolism or breaking down in biology
Read 5 tweets
5 Apr
Unbound iron in biology triggers a cascade of ROS formation known as a Fenton reaction, which ends in the creation of hydroxyl radicals (some of the most damaging free radicals possible)

This is why the body works to keep iron bound at all times, to protect itself
Iron metabolism is the body relies heavily on copper as an electron donor/acceptor, converting iron back and forth from the soluble ferrous form to the insoluble ferric form

This allows free iron to be absorbed and transported in the ferric form so it doesn't oxidize
Iron is then converted back to the ferrous form to be loaded into different protein structures, for example hemoglobin, where it acts as an oxygen transporter

Retinol is used to synthesize transferrin, which transports and clears free iron
Read 5 tweets
5 Apr
Herbs with research suggesting they may stimulate human stem cell differentiation, organized by stem cell type:

(thread)
Endothelial progenitor cells - ginseng, curcumin, angelica sinensis, milk thistle, common wheat, aronia berry, olive oil (oleuropein and oleacein), gingko biloba, resveratrol, red yeast rice, kudzu (puerarin)

Keratinocyte stem cells - vanillin, morin
Hematopoietic stem cells - astragalus, angelica sinensis, ginseng, theaflavin, resveratrol, TSY-1 (TCM formulation)

Muscle satellite cell - ginseng, astragalus, green tea extract (EGCG), withania somnifera, tinospora cordifolia, resveratrol
Read 5 tweets

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