NEW thread: here’s the latest data on how vaccines are fighting Covid.

My India tweets earlier were grim, but these are more optimistic

Vaccines are working in the UK ✅, working in the US ✅, and contrary to alarmist reports, they’re working in Chile ✅ ft.com/content/d71729…
First, some more detail on the UK.

Cases, hospital admissions and deaths have fallen steeply among all groups (the 'restrictions effect'), but have fallen furthest and fastest among the older, most-vaccinated groups (vaccine effect).
(For anyone wondering why the UK deaths lines are getting bumpy, that’s a good thing:

The numbers are now so small — 20 Covid deaths per day — that random variation starts making things look noisy)
And it’s not just the very elderly who are benefiting. This chart (concept from @JamesWard73) shows that as UK vaccinations have progressed down through the age groups, so has the vaccine effect, with under-60s the latest to join the party.

It’s amazing how clear the pattern is!
Next, to France, where a third wave has hampered progress, but the same tell-tale signs of vaccinations are evident

Cases and hospitalisations rose in March, but climbed far slower among the most-vaccinated age groups. Deaths kept falling among the elderly despite 📈 among young
The resurgence of the pandemic in France — and many other countries in recent weeks — was fuelled by the arrival of the 'UK variant' B.1.1.7.

By March, it had become the dominant variant across all of Europe and is now spreading across North America.
B.1.1.7’s arrival in the US threatened one of the world’s most impressive vaccination rollouts, but as in France the data suggest the vaccines are prevailing 🙌

B.1.1.7 sent hospitalisations rising, but only among the [less vaccinated] young. Rates among elderly continue to drop
Sternest test for vaccines has come in Chile, where China’s Sinovac jab was rolled out during a third wave.

But again, the data suggest they’re working.

ICU occupancy has more than doubled among younger adults 📈, but is falling among age groups prioritised for vaccination 📉🙌
It’s the true that Sinovac is less effective than the likes of Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna, especially after one dose (read @DubeRyan’s WSJ story here wsj.com/articles/first…), but after two doses, it delivers good efficacy and is keeping people out of ICU, saving lives.
So we now have clear, real-world data from many countries showing that third wave or no third wave, B.1.1.7 or no B.1.1.7 (and there’s lots of P1 in Chile, too), the vaccines are reducing infections, reducing hospitalisations and reducing deaths 🙌
To be clear, the planet as a whole is still far from out of the woods.

Many countries are still battling new outbreaks. The situation in India is dreadful, and it has so far only delivered a first dose to 8% of its population.
(UK 49% ,US 39%, France 19%)
Aside from India, Latin America remains a grim hotspot.

Uruguay has reported a surge in its daily Covid-19 death toll from 1.15 per million on March 1 to 18.55 on April 15, putting it third highest in the world. Deaths are still climbing right across the continent.
Greater availability of Covid-19 data in the western world has at times given the impression the US, UK and Europe have been the hardest hit, but a more comprehensive analysis shows Latin America has unquestionably suffered the most, with all of the top five death tolls worldwide
(NB there’s no comprehensive excess deaths data in India, but local news reports show that Covid deaths are being vastly undercounted in districts across the country, so if India was in that global chart I would it expect it to be climbing the rankings)
But I don’t want do end this thread on a negative note.

This is a story about how vaccines will get us out of this, and several countries are nearly there.

The bottom-right quadrant here is the ultimate goal: more people socialising at bars & cafés, while cases continue to fall
Here’s my full story on how vaccines are prevailing ft.com/content/d71729…
As usual, do hit me up with any questions and comments, and you can keep track all of the FT’s Covid-19 coverage here: ft.com/coronavirus

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More from @jburnmurdoch

21 Apr
NEW: a deep-dive into the situation in India, where a devastating second wave is overwhelming hospitals and crematoriums, eclipsing global records as it goes ft.com/content/683914…

250,000 new cases every day, and test positivity is soaring suggesting many are still missed
To put this into a global context, much has been made of the resurgences in Europe and North America over recent weeks, but India’s wave has accelerated straight past all of them.

The situation there really is beyond what we’re seeing anywhere else worldwide.
In many parts of the country including the capital Delhi, cases are doubling every five days. Compared to the steady rise seen in the first wave last year, the current climbs are almost vertical.
Read 10 tweets
16 Apr
NEW: the variant thought to be responsible for fuelling India’s grim second wave (B.1.617) has been found in the UK, and numbers are rising relatively quickly in Britain.

Story from @AnnaSophieGross & @JasmineCC_95 ft.com/content/a55eb7…

Quick thread on caveats:
1) Numbers are very small (<100 sequenced cases so far), which means random variation and patterns in testing can play an outsized role in driving the overall trajectory.

We can see this with the Brazilian and South African variants, whose trends are anything but established.
2) We have vaccines now, so key question is not just "is B.1.617 spreading fast?", it’s also "do the vaccines work as well on B.1.617 as they do on B.1.1.7?"

We don’t know the answer to that yet, but with vaccinations rolling out in India, I suspect we’ll start to find out soon.
Read 7 tweets
13 Apr
Surprised by pushback to Boris Johnson’s comments that restrictions have played a key role in reducing UK Covid rates.

Why do people think rates have fallen among unvaxxed groups?

I always felt "lockdown effect" was implicit in these charts, but here it is explicitly labelled
Of course, it’s very difficult to know exactly how big the lockdown effect is for several reasons, but we can now see from dozens of other countries how B.1.1.7 sends rates rising without restrictions, even among the age groups who have been mostly vaccinated.

See France:
Same is now clear in the US, too:

With minimal restrictions in much of the US, hospitalisations have been rising again among under-50s as B.1.1.7 has taken hold.

Vaccines produce the gap between those lines, but without restrictions in place, the lines can bend back upwards.
Read 8 tweets
9 Apr
NEW: big international Covid data thread, focusing on the contest between vaccines & variants

First to the UK, where things are looking very good. The vaccine effect is still crystal clear, with more than 10,000 lives already estimated to have been saved assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
And critically, rates of cases, hospitalisations and deaths are all falling among both the most and least vaccinated age groups.

Those straight blue lines represent constant rates of decline among the most-vaccinated, completely unaffected by the reopening of schools.
It’s not just the very elderly who are benefiting, either. This chart (concept from @JamesWard73) shows that as the UK’s vaccination rollout has progressed down through the age groups, so has the vaccine effect. It’s amazing how clear the pattern is.
Read 25 tweets
7 Apr
EU regulator: AstraZeneca vaccine should continue to be used across all age groups theguardian.com/politics/live/…

UK regulator: under-30s should be offered an alternative jab to AstraZeneca (but those who have had first AZ jab should get a second AZ jab)
Both orgs are clear that the specific blood clotting side-effect is extremely rare, and the vaccine has been proven highly effective, so the benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine still outweigh the risks for the vast majority of people.
So UK decision is based more on the other side of the coin: that Covid mortality risk is also very low for under-30s, so the balance of two low risks becomes less clear-cut.
Read 4 tweets
6 Apr
NEW: just updated our excess deaths figures, including data into April

It’s abundantly clear that Latin America is the hardest-hit region in the world, with the five highest excess death rates globally. The UK is 21st out of 48 countries, and the US 24th

ft.com/coronavirus-la…
Note the underlying patterns. It can be easy for people in the US and UK to think Covid is almost gone, but excess deaths are climbing again in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru to name just three countries.

You can get all of the raw data here: github.com/Financial-Time…
The grim toll of Europe’s third wave is also clear. The Czech Republic, Italy, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Poland have all climbed above the UK into the global top 20.
Read 5 tweets

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