1. We expect solid-state cells to be adopted in premium EVs first because they will be higher cost than liquid based cells.
2. We expect they could be cheaper by 2033, after this point adoption in non-premium segments accelerates.
3.We modeled EV economics, assuming the increase in range for a given pack size (kWh) would be favored. But if auto's use smaller packs to achieve the same range as liquid based cells, EVs using solid-state cells could be affordable sooner. It will probably be a mix in reality.
4. Part of our cost analysis focused on the time taken for the supply chain to scale. If this happens faster, particularly because of developments in China, then solid-state cells could be cheaper sooner.
5. We only focused on the US and Europe here because China is taking a different route. Using solid electrolytes as separators in liquid cells first, and then slowly substituting components until they have full solid state...
...European and US companies are aiming to launch products that are full solid-state (@SolidPowerInc, @Ilikaplc), or only contain a small amount of catholyte (@QuantumScapeCo) and with next-gen anodes from the get go.
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At the end of 2020, @BloombergNEF adapted its BattMan model to integrate solid-state cells.
At scale with developed supply chains, solid-state cells could be manufactured for 80% of the cost of liquid cells - with the same cathode.
When optimised they could be 40% cheaper...
A conventional cell is an 60Ah NMC (622) pouch cell manufactured in todays facilities.
Benchmark SSB is 60Ah NMC (622) pouch type solid state battery, produced on manufacturing lines of the same speed as our conventional cell. Using Lithium metal anode foil.