The Crotty Lab journal club this week was from the Brink lab. Sundling et al.: “Positive selection of IgG+ over IgM+ B cells in the germinal center reaction”. 🧵 @ImmunityCP

doi.org/10.1016/j.immu…
Using various mouse models, the authors sought to understand the process by which IgG antibodies come to dominate mature antibody responses.
High-affinity IgG+ germinal center B cells are positively selected over high-affinity IgM+ germinal center (GC) B cells via a process based on antigen receptor constant regions
Strikingly, by using additional engineered mice, they found that unswitched IgD+ GC B cells, but not IgM+ B cells, could persist in the GC, suggesting a distinctive attribute of IgM BCRs compared to IgD or IgG.

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More from @profshanecrotty

6 May
Moderna results are out for their booster vaccines!
🔵 Boosting with same vaccine generates good antibodies against variant B.1.351
🔵 Boosting with a B.1.351 vaccine generates even better antibodies
🔵 Safe
🔵 The booster vaccine was made and tested with exceptional speed!
🧵
The reason for excitement about this is that there has been uncertainly for months about vaccine efficacy against B.1.351 (1st seen in South Africa) and similar variants. Since January I have been saying: Image
Moderna, Pfizer, J&J and other vaccine companies have all stated that they are developing B.1.351 boosters or similar. Today is the first public data on such a vaccine.

investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/…
Read 8 tweets
5 May
Big knowledge gap was will the COVID RNA vaccines work vs B.1.351 and P.1 variants. Now Pfizer protects well vs B.1.351!
🔵 ~75% against infection
🔵 ~97% against severe/fatal disease

Very good news for the rest of 2021 for any countries using Pfizer and Moderna vaccines! 🧵
B.1.351 and P.1 (1st found in South Africa and Brazil) have been the two biggest variants of concern that have a degree of antibody escape. As of this morning (and February), some vaccines (AZ) showed only 11% effectiveness against B.1.351 cases,
and the best clinical trial data was ~50-66% vaccine efficacy against B.1.351 cases (J&J and Novavax), and only data for non-hospitalized cases (because of the size of the studies). Leaving lots of uncertainty.
Read 12 tweets
4 May
Oral SARS-CoV-2
I love this paper! Important demonstration of SARS2 infection in the mouth. And outstanding paper on oral biology and immunology relevant for viral infections. I learned so much! 🧵

nature.com/articles/s4159…
Really important to understand the oral biology of SARS2 better. Including salivary glands!
Read 6 tweets
3 May
Outstanding new preprint studying immune memory after COVID-19 for 8 months, assessing memory T & B cells in addition to antibodies. High quality work from the Ahmed, McElrath, @SutharLab , and Wrammert labs! 🧵

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Beautiful application of a new power law approach to calculate the trajectory of decay of T & B cell memory as well as antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, which could be well applied here due to the longitudinal study design.
This is consistent with the idea that each immune memory types consists of multiple subcomponents, with some subpopulations having more duration that others.
Read 7 tweets
2 May
I’ve had people tell me, ‘Oh, I got infected, so the vaccine didn’t work.’ No, that’s really an example of the opposite. You would have been so much more sick if the vaccine wasn't there to shield you. 🧵

sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/st…
@JonathanWosen
"Vaccine trial data...showing that vaccines reduce your risk and severity of infection...people who might otherwise have died are surviving...people who would have gone to the hospital are recovering at home, and those who would have had mild symptoms aren’t having any."
These phenomena were wonderfully illustrated by @nataliexdean . My favorite version of the illustration is the lego version (Note that the scale is relative. The total number of infections in the vaccinated group is dramatically lower than the unvaccinated group)
Read 4 tweets
1 Apr
Fantastic COVID vaccine news from Pfizer today!
Protection for 6 months:
🔵 91% efficacy overall (850 to 77, placebo vs vaccine)
🔵 ~95-100% efficacy against severe disease
🔵 No safety concerns out to six months, with 44,000 people evaluated

Those are REALLY great numbers! 🧵
No safety concerns, with 12,000 subjects tracked for at least six months after the 2-doses!
44,000 subjects total

pfizer.com/news/press-rel…
For protection against severe COVID out to six months:
🔵 100% by one definition (CDC definition. 32 to 0, placebo vs vaccine)
🔵 95% by another definition (FDA definition. 21 to 1)

OUTSTANDING!
Read 6 tweets

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