1/ On the issue of whether you need to mask outdoors, folks are conflating population attributable risk (the % of disease due to an exposure) with individual risk of disease from an exposure.
2/ @VauseCNN's skydiving analogy is a fairly good one. Not many people die from skydiving accidents per year, but skydiving is a high-risk activity.
3/ But the analogy isn't perfect because you can't transmit skydiving disease & death. In calculating population attributable risk, we should also take into account that SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible.
4/ Population attributable risk calculation should, therefore, also take into account those who come into contact with people who go unmasked outdoors. Those subsequent contacts could be indoors or outdoors.
5/ Large gatherings do seem to be associated with transmission of SARS-CoV-2 outdoors: nytimes.com/2021/05/10/wor… nytimes.com/2020/10/31/us/…
But it's hard to prove without rigorous contact tracing, and there may be both indoor & outdoor exposures at these gatherings.
6/ What's a crowd?
To quote SCOTUS Justice Potter Stewart on what is obscenity:
"I know it when I see it."
7/ That all said, let's make this easy.
If you're vaccinated + outdoors + unmasked
AND
you avoid large gatherings and crowds (e.g. concerts, sporting events, festivals, political rallies),
your risk and the risk to others are miniscule.
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2/ We came into the conversation thinking that many of their concerns would revolve around women's health issues (e.g. fertility, pregnancy, breastfeeding, menstruation). At least two of the women were pregnant.
3a/ But their biggest concerns were no different from many other groups:
- How could the vaccines have been developed this quickly?
- What are the long-term side-effects?
- Are the vaccines safe and effective in people who have underlying medical conditions like me?
Here's who's most and least enthusiastic about getting vaccinated:
2/ We've made progress with those who want to "wait & see" across multiple demographics including communities of color and conservatives, who were the least vaccine confident at the start.
The % who definitely don't want to get vaccinated has remained stable since January.
1/ The single most important messenger is someone’s primary care provider.
People want to know if the vaccines will be safe and effective FOR THEM.
Your personal healthcare provider is best positioned to address this. debeaumont.org/wp-content/upl…
2a/ What can healthcare workers do to encourage others to get vaccinated?
- Lead by example: get vaccinated and share your experience with others.
- Be prepared with the facts to answer questions about COVID vaccines. justhumanproductions.org/resources
2b/
- Share educational materials widely: on your website & on social media.
- Ask every patient if they’ve been vaccinated.
- Send a letter or email to all your patients.
1/ India is setting global records for COVID cases—and the numbers are massively undercounted. Hospitals are full. Patients have died as hospitals have run out of oxygen. Cremations are taking place in parking lots and parks.
2/ Colleagues and I are putting together guides on how to care for COVID at home (more Indian language translations to come) because the situation is so dire.
The U.S. has identified sources of specific raw material urgently required for Indian manufacture of the Covishield vaccine that will immediately be made available for India.
2/ To help treat COVID patients and protect front-line health workers in India, the United States has identified supplies of therapeutics, rapid diagnostic test kits, ventilators, and PPE that will immediately be made available for India.
3/ The U.S. is pursuing options to provide oxygen generation and related supplies on an urgent basis.