Just a reminder that most nuts are NOT your friends! Nuts (and many seeds) are very rich sources of oxalate - and oxalate can impact your metabolism in a host of ways. But one of the worst can be your thyroid.
Note that calcium oxalate can turn up in the thyroid as calcifications, and these microcalcifications can be related to a number of thyroid diseases. We may not be finding these microcalcifications because frankly - we aren't looking for them. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31648281/
From the study: "Calcifications were found in 95% of samples using polarised light microscopy, whereas only 12% were described in initial pathological reports." Note that these thyroid samples came from individuals with varying diseases - but the vast majority had calcifications.
Microcalcifications of the thyroid have been studied before - as early as 1993. At that time, researchers "suggest[ed] that examinations of crystals are likely to be useful in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases". pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8317610/
Their outputs are generally low to no oxalate as well. We donโt know much about the resulting outputs though if the ruminant is eating a high oxalate diet. But this study has some interesting information. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22548678/
I did also find an old study on oxalate intake and sheep, which clearly showed that damage to the animal was much more than kidney stones, and that oxalate was found in the brains of animals poisoned by oxalate. researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/cgi/viewcontenโฆ
A reminder that spinach may be a problem in your diet. While some people seem to consume lots of it and do fine, it is possible that oxalate (which spinach is rich in) could be affecting us in ways we are not looking for. This study is perspective. sciencemadness.org/talk/files.phpโฆ
The study is deceptively simple: use a baseline diet for two groups of lab animals; manipulate oxalate such that one group gets turnip greens to supply calcium, and one group gets spinach to supply calcium.
While using spinach to supply calcium might be a surprise to some, spinach does have a lot of calcium. The problem is that the calcium in spinach is bound to oxalate. This study showed that perhaps 35% of it is available to be absorbed. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3183773/
Could healthy vitamin c - taken in large amounts - be part of your issue? From the abstract: "The breakdown of AA is non-enzymatic and results in oxalate formation." pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27002809/
Also from the abstract: "The exact amount of oxalate formed has been difficult to ascertain primarily due to the limited availability of healthy human tissue for such research and the difficulty in measuring AA and its breakdown products."
Here's the problem though: "The breakdown of 60 mg of AA to oxalate could potentially result in the formation of up to 30 mg oxalate per day." So if you are taking 1000mg of vitamin C, you could be potentially forming 500mg of oxalate! (That's a lot.)
Where does oxalate go in the body? Research link here, looking at how "a soluble oxalate-rich diet induces stable stages of CKD in male and female C57BL/6 mice." pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26764204/
Two things here: 1. The oxalate source in the research was the DIET.
This is not genetic hyperoxaluria. In genetic hyperoxaluria, the oxalate is being made by the body. This is also called "endogenous" oxalate production.
2. Oxalate affects the lab animals SYSTEMICALLY. From the abstract: "Within 3 wk, the mice reproducibly develop normochromic anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, FGF23 activation, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism." None of that is good news.
@kauk@practicalbob@BetterLowOx Thanks for tagging me! And yes - I've seen gout be related to oxalate. I've had what was called "pseudo-gout" when oxalate was mobilized out of my body. Joints are a possible location of oxalate-based crystals. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23666469/
@kauk@practicalbob@BetterLowOx As for what oxalate mobilization (called "dumping") can do to you - the problem is that oxalate drives inflammation. So if you have a location in the body that is prone to inflammation for whatever reason, oxalate can also be contributing to that.
From the abstract: โCalcium oxalate is a major component of renal stones, and its urinary concentration plays an important role in stone formation. Even a small increase in urinary oxalate has a significant impact on calcium oxalate saturation.โ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11071450/
The problem is that this remains true even if the oxalate in your urine originates in the diet - but our bias in diagnosing hyperoxaluria is two fold:
1. Oxalate doesnโt matter unless you have kidney stones
2. Oxalate is only an issue otherwise if you produce it (endogenous).
While primary hyperoxaluria is a serious disease, there is absolutely evidence that we can be sick with oxalate from the diet and in other locations in the body than the kidneys. Hereโs one: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26493452/