The most mind-opening lesson I learnt by translating DN's "problem of Atheism" is his idea that the decisive philosophical option that drives secular modernity towards nihilism is *rationalism*, and not *subjectivism* as is commonly taught.
Everybody is taught that secular thought started from the "cogito." DN argues that the affirmation of the free subject is actually the *religious* aspect of Descartes which continues in Pascal and religious existentialism, whereas the *secular* aspect of Descartes which prepares
the Enlightenment and atheism is his implicit Molinism. The affirmation of the possibility of a purely "natural" happiness opens the way to rationalism and secularism. This has enormous implications for the presentation of Christianity to modern people. Rather than fighting the
windmills of "subjectivism" it is crucial to stress that revelation is the answer to the deepest questions of the "I" and that faith can be rediscovered by *taking seriously* "subjective" experience, not trying to bypass it.
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I think there are two reasons why DN today seems so prescient:
1) All the metaphysical premises of today's situation were firmly in place in the West by the mid-sixties, and an insightful philosophical mind like DN was able to extrapolate their future logical consequences.
2) Some of these consequences (on the "Marxist" side of the equation) played out much earlier in Europe, which experienced a big ideological wave in the aftermath of 1968, which DN witnessed first hand.
Why the difference between the American and European trajectories?
It's complicated. In my opinion, the US where "ahead and behind" at the same time.
On the one hand, for both historical and geopolitical reasons, classical Marxism at that time had much less influence on American intellectuals, apart from some academic circles.
"The second stage [of capitalism] is that in which the bourgeois spirit finally manifests itself in the pure state; in which it realizes fully what it had already achieved about nature, abolishing mystery and quality and replacing them with measurable, quantitative data.
The spontaneous ideology of the bourgeoisie is pure materialism, positivism focused exclusively on raw facts, the denial of that any meaning exists that transcends the immediate phenomenon. At the neo-capitalist stage the bourgeoisie is so dominant that it no longer needs
to modify to some extent its own spontaneous ideology, in order to let other social classes integrate into it, albeit in subordinate form; it no longer needs, in short, to compromise with Christianity ... In Gramsci's version the revolutionary party provides the bourgeois spirit
Among other things, the events at the Capitol were a desecration of the main temple of American civic religion by a competing faith, and I think that contributed to it emotional impact.
(especially with the shaman etc.)
One cannot look up at the fresco in the dome of the Capitol and fail to recognize its religious significance. A perfect replica of a baroque Church dome with the coronation of Mary replaced by the apotheosis of George Washington.
The question with Trump is always whether he is the real agent of the desecration or just the apocalypse (revelation) of the inevitable outcome of choices that predate him.
Been thinking about the radical opposition between the PC-progressive concept of *representation* and the classical concept of *recognition*.
(which has the same etymological structure as *respect*: mutual knowledge, mutual seeing).
Every human being wants to be recognized *as human* by other humans. This is the root of true "inclusion": the recognition of a common humanity beyond our differences, where the word "humanity" has a metaphysical-religious significance (being relationship with the infinite).
By contrast, the concept of representation is psycho-sociological: I am defined not by my humanity, but by belonging to a certain group, more or less arbitrarily defined by singling out certain psycho-somatic or characteristics. As a result, I have a right to be "included"
Even some of the most intelligent critics of liberalism sometimes do not make a clear enough distinction between the terms in which the question arose in the the 19th century, and the terms in which it arises today.
In the 19th century, "liberalism" operated in the context of secularized Christianity (e.g. Kantian ethics) and attempted to separate morality from metaphysics and religion. As such it led to relativism, subjectivism and various other ills.
But after 1917 we have entered the stage of the expansion of political atheism which rejects classical (Aristotelian and Christian) ethics in favor of the "ethics of the direction of history" (Del Noce), which in turn leads inevitably to various forms of totalitarianism.
Historically Fascism was born as a revolutionary movement that rejected Marxist historical materialism (the link between the revolution and the necessary logic of history) while keeping the dialectical aspect (man as creator, politics as true religion, the primacy of praxis).
So, the Fascist type (Mussolini) was an "activist without a plan," who valued action and personal power as ends in themselves but had no vision of the future. This is why he ended up an ally/instrument of conservative forces that gave Fascism the appearance of being reactionary.
In that sense, some of today's "revolutionaries" seem more Fascist than Marxist. The "other half" of Marxism (sociologism, secularism, technocracy) is the ideology of the professional classes (so called "liberals" who are economically quite "conservative.")