For people who need a crash course in how the animal (zoonotic) origin of the first SARS virus was found, please read this short review written by Linfa Wang, Shi Zhengli, Peter Daszak and colleagues in 2006:
Note that they had not yet found the ancestral bat reservoir a long way away in Yunnan province (only published in 2017).
But it was clear SARS1-like viruses were circulating widely in the animal trading community (animals & humans) in Guangdong province where SARS broke out.
For SARS2, it’s the reverse.
When it broke out in Wuhan, we already knew where it’s ancestral reservoir was very likely to be. A virus genome matching 96% was already under study in a Wuhan lab. Collected from a mine after miners had sickened with a SARS-like pneumonia.
On the other hand, there was no sign of an animal trade leading to the ferrying of SARS2-like viruses into Wuhan, which is far north of the subtropical SARS spillover zone in China.
In other words, the animal trading conduit and the frequent spillover of SARS1 in Guangdong is well established.
For SARS2, we literally have nothing. No conduit, no positive animal samples, no evidence of SARS2-like viruses being introduced into the city or even Hubei province.
I know people say, “Wuhan is a major transit hub!”
You’re saying that one of the rare times a SARS-like virus is introduced to Wuhan, it was also a pandemic-level pathogen.
Please calculate the probabilities of that.
And not only was it a pandemic-level pathogen that decided to break out in the city in China where the lab studying its closest relatives were..
It left absolute zero trace of its journey from the SARS spillover zone in China.
Early cases had to have fizzled out.
Check it out. By October 2003 Chinese scientists had already published their findings. 73% of animal traders who traded civets had antibodies against SARS despite not being diagnosed as SARS cases during the epidemic. cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/m…
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On the #OriginsOfCovid I told @denisechow@NBCNews "I know a lot of people want to have a smoking gun. It's more like breadcrumbs everywhere, and they're not always leading in one direction. It's like the whole floor is covered in breadcrumbs." nbcnews.com/science/scienc…
I've recently been tagged in many threads with people arguing which is more likely: a natural or a lab origin of Covid-19.
This wasn't possible last year.
People (including scientists) arguing that a lab leak could be likely or even more likely were attacked as unscientific.
I think it's not very useful to speculate whether natural or lab origins are more likely. But. I think it's a good sign that the public and scientists are now able to talk about it without fearing excessive censure from their friends and colleagues.
@NatureNV I know it's very troubling that the one place a SARS-like pandemic-level pathogen emerges is the one place in China where there is a giant repository of SARS-like viruses collected from across China.
But it's irresponsible to play it down by saying "but China has coronaviruses!"
@NatureNV To study these SARS-like viruses with potential to spill into humans, the Wuhan lab had to send dozens of its personnel into remote caves and villages in South China to specifically mine for these viruses and bring 10,000s of animal and human samples ~1000 miles back to Wuhan.
Also, to correct Stephen, Wuhan is not a place where SARS2-like viruses are known to circulate in bats or spillover into people.
The Wuhan institute of virology existed prior to 2003 SARS. A lab there pivoted to SARS research after the 2003 epidemic, and spent close to 2 decades ferrying 10,000s of potential SARS samples (animal and human) from more than 1000 miles away up into the Wuhan lab.
I want to impress that there is a lot to lose for scientists (esp virologists) to say they think Covid-19 could’ve emerged in connection to research activities.
All at once you’re dealing with your colleagues, institute, reviewers of papers & grants, & the Chinese government.
You’re literally acting against your self interest in every way possible except the interest of not having a future pandemic caused by a research-related accident.
I’ve spoken very highly of sleuths and data analysts who’ve worked on tracing the #OriginsOfCovid
But I also need to emphasize that the consequences for scientists are much worse. You could become a pariah overnight, accused of fanning the flames of conspiracy and AAPI hate.
Because so many experts are deleting their tweets now, people have had no choice but to look at archived pages to see what they said just over a year ago: