Frequency of alcohol consumption has as much of an impact on glutamate production as amount

Consuming 2-3 drinks every couple days will cause milder but more prolonged glutamate upregulation, while binging 10+ drinks once a month will cause severe but short term glutamate spikes
This is the main driver of alcohol tolerance over time

Since alcohol potently suppresses glutamate signalling (mimicking GABA), the brain over compensates with increased glutamate production

This is also what makes alcohol withdrawal directly neurotoxic with a seizure component
If you have an alcohol tolerance your glutamate production is at a higher than normal baseline

This often has a powerful negative impact on mental health, especially anxiety and depression

Alcohol consumption feels better short term, but accumulates toxicity over time
People will often justify consumption with the idea that consuming small amounts of alcohol have a hormetic effect

Even if this is the case (I'm skeptical), it's a trade off between quality of mental health and longevity, and it's likely confounded by healthy personality traits
Besides that, the "optimal" alcohol consumption shown in these studies ends up only averaging out to half a drink per day

I don't know anyone that actually consumes this amount for longevity purposes, most actually end up using 1-2 drinks daily
If you're going to drink the best consumption split seems to be 1-2 drinks every 1-3 months

This amount will still crash sleep for a day or two, but as a general rule of thumb as long as you don't develop a tolerance to its effects these changes are not long term

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More from @ck_eternity_

18 Jun
The microbiome is a hologram overlaying a bacterial ecosystem
We've known for decades now that bacteria communicate using different light emission, and this is likely one of the purposes for which photoreceptors first evolved

As such, any large mass of bacteria is essentially a three dimensional web of organized light
On top of that, the light that sells emit is coherent light, essentially a laser, as light is captured, organized, and re-emitted by the nucleus

This light is produced as a byproduct of free radical decay, but the nucleus is essential for it to be concentrated enough to emit
Read 6 tweets
9 Jun
Antibiotics are often given to cows by farmers to promote weight gain, as they rely on gut bacteria to clear carbs before absorption

We know antibiotic use has some association with low microbiome diversity in humans, could this contribute to obesity?
The caveat here is that ruminants rely on bacteria for digestion much more heavily than humans, getting most of their calories from short-chain fatty acids fermented from fiber in their stomachs

However, the link between antibiotic use and obesity does seem to carry over
This study found more than 1 antibiotic treatment in the first year or two of a child's life associated with higher obesity risk
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29359849/
Read 6 tweets
7 Jun
CHOLESTEROL AND HEART DISEASE

The last few months I've been researching cholesterol and heart disease extensively, including interviewing various experts in the field, in this thread I'll be summarizing my findings and opinions

THREAD //
Before I begin, I want to make it clear that I'm not here to debate anyone

This is a controversial subject in many ways, but I've approached this with an open mind and will be including studies to support my positions

If you disagree with me, that's fine, to each their own
I also will not be speaking on heart disease medications like statins

I think there are pros and cons of any drug/medication, and at this point I have not researched these drugs in enough depth to put out an opinion on their use

Now without further ado, let's jump right in
Read 42 tweets
6 Jun
Many people are aware that bacteria in the gut produce neurotransmitters like serotonin, which allow them to indirectly influence the nervous system

What's rarely discussed however is the fact that many bacteria also release free glutamate
Notably the bacteria responsible for gingivitis and periodontal disease can increase glutamate activity, they thrive on processed sugar consumption

In some cases this increase in glutamate signalling is indirect as a result of the release of endotoxins like LPS
LPS activates the TLR4 receptor in glial cells

TLR4 receptors mediate pain sensing and neuroinflammation through increased glutamate signalling and cytokine release
Read 4 tweets
4 Jun
There's a big difference between a cold-pressed seed oil and a seed oil that's been in a restaurant fryer for a week

PUFA degradation into toxic aldehydes usually requires 1-2+ hours (depending on temperature), and the fats themselves aren't inherently inflammatory
This means that you shouldn't use these oils for long periods of time, or at least opt for more saturated oils if you do

Studies on oxidation of plant-based oils rank olive oil as having the least potential for oxidation, with coconut, palm, and avocado oil ranking high as well
If you're going to use other seed oils, I'd opt for cold-pressed rather than solvent extracted

Avoid hydrogenated oils/spreads as their processing creates trans fats which are associated with cardiovascular inflammation (if you use any opt for emulsified)
Read 7 tweets
24 May
Soda is designed to make you as addicted as possible
If we compare the composition of a standard bottle of coke since its creation, bottle size, salt content, sugar content, and caffeine content have all increased

You have a combination of multiple factors that promote thirst/dehydration, and sugar
Caffeine is included as the most widely consumed stimulant on earth, playing into the fact that the majority of adults are physically dependent on it

The combination of sugar and carbonation creates an extremely pleasurable mouth feel that further reinforces consumption
Read 5 tweets

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