1/n
Did you know Alexander the "Great" was such a great strategist that he thought the Indus river was the source of the Nile in Egypt? Despite spies scouting India's geography before his "conquest", he thought that the Eastern Ocean (Bay of Bengal) lay after the Beas river.
2/n
Alexander’s poor knowledge of geography was based on his teacher Aristotle who knew nothing about the Ganges river system. No Alexander writer or geographer before Ptolemy mentions even the Sutlej. Justin’s statement that Alexander conquered Magadha was completely fictional.
3/n
The truth is he never even reached the Ganga. The soldiers thought they were just one river away from the edge of India at the river Beas. His army rebelled & refused to go further after the Battle of Hydapses (Jhelum).
4/n
The Greeks thought the Indus is the largest of all rivers and that the Indus valley was close to the outer ocean. Beyond the Eastern Ocean of India they believed was only miles of desert. In reality they did not proceed beyond the NW border of today's India proper.
5/n
Arrian’s history tells us that since Alexander’s men refused to go any further than the Beas, he gave a speech saying “One more river and then the end”, thinking that he had reached the edge of the Eastern Ocean (Bay of Bengal).
6/n
He still believed that the ocean was relatively close and that he could overrun the territory to the east in a relatively short time. This fake legend of Alexander reaching the Ganga was created by the historian Phegeus who clearly had all the details wrong.
7/n
Phegeus said that beyond the Beas was a desert crossed in 12 days to reach Ganga - all of which is 100% utterly false. The truth is Alexander the not so great geographer had to turn back from the river Beas, & later Greek historians said it was the river Ganga to glorify him.
References:
Alexander the Great: Volume 2, Sources and Studies, Volume 2 - By W. W. Tarn

Aristotle, India and the Alexander Historians [article]
A. Brian Bosworth
persee.fr/doc/topoi_1161…

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More from @MumukshuSavitri

21 Jun
1/n
Well done Prakash Javedkar!
"Why we are not Hindus" by Murzban Jal is worthy enough to include in govt. funded Sahitya Akademi's library. This book says "Hinduism" itself is not indigenous to India, but a colonial import created by Western Orientalists & Brahmanical elites.
2/n
According to Jal, "The recent attempts to make secular and democratic India into a mythical & phantasmagorical 'Hindu Rashtra' is a sign of economic & cultural subjugation, rising fascism and the complete destruction of the very idea of India."
3/n
Murzban Jal is Professor at Centre for Educational Studies, Indian Institute of Education, Pune. Jal is a Marxist & Freudian critical theorist who combines Marxist theory of objectification of humanity with Freud's theory of Neurosis and Psychosis

mayday.leftword.com/catalog/produc…
Read 4 tweets
16 Jun
1/n
4300 years ago, ancient Bharatiyas were practicing brain surgery. A skull from Harappa (2300 BCE) shows incisions in a clear case of brain surgery known as trepanation. Researchers A.R. Sankhyan & GR Schug (Paleoanthropology Lab at AnSI Kolkata) confirmed in a study from 2011
2/n
Trepanation involves drilling or cutting through the skull, to treat head injury, remove bone splinters or blood clots caused by a blow to the head. In most cultures, it was for religious rituals. But in this case trepanation was intended as medical treatment for head injury
3/n
The Harappan skull displays evidence in form of cranial trauma visible as a long gash with cracked margins. The victim was hit with a hard object. The trephined hole is right next to the wound indicating it was intended as surgery to medically treat the injury..
Read 6 tweets
10 Jun
1/n
Takshashila - Part 1
The Ramayana narrates how Bharata, founded two famous cities—Takshashila for son Taksha & Pushkalavati (Peshawar) for son Pushkala after conquering Gandharva Desa. It was at Takshashila, that Vaisampayana first narrated the Mahabharata to Janmajeya.
2/n
Mujma-t-Tawarikh a 12th c. Persian translation of a lost Sanskrit work says: "30,000 Brahmans & families were settled near Sindh by Duryodhana, of Hastinapur” ( Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World By André Wink) This was to create a center of academic excellence.
3/n
Acharya Dhaumya at Takshashila is mentioned in Mahabharata, which was 23 generations before Buddha. If we take 60Y /generation, we get 23 * 60 = 1380 years. From Buddha’s accepted date of 500 BC, we add 1380 years to get 1880 BCE as the latest limit for Vedic Takshashila.
Read 32 tweets
9 Jun
1/n
Did you know India was the source of all the world's known diamonds, until the discovery of diamonds in Brazil in 1726. India was the only place where diamonds were mined till 18967. Hindus have known about diamonds for more than 7000 years.
2/n
They were called “Vajra” as Indra’s weapon of choice because lightning strikes & thunderstorms on colluvial deposits of diamonds would reveal diamonds in the earth. In 600 BCE, the Mahajanapada empire used units of measurements for diamonds.
3/n
In Chanakya’s Arthashastra the Superintendent of treasury was an expert of “Ratna Pariksha” to test the quality of gems like diamonds. The fame of India’s invaluable diamonds lured greedy invaders from Central Asia, Arabia & Europe.
Read 16 tweets
5 Jun
1/n
In “Hindu Temples - What happened to them - Vol 1” Shree Sitaram Goel provides a revealing insight breaking the myth of the true “liberalism” of the Sufi sect of Islam which is regarded by many Leftist historians & apologists as secular & peace-loving towards Hindus
2/n
He provides citations from the books Miftah-ul-Futuh, Tarikh-i-Alai & Ashiqa
by Amir Khusru (1325 CE) the “saintly & spiritual” disciple of Shaikh Nizamuddin Awliya, who is celebrated as a Sufi singer, musician, poet and scholar.
3/n
Khusru is hailed as the father of a composite Hindu- Muslim culture & the pioneer of secularism. These “peaceful” excerpts show how happy Khusru was to praise Jalaluddin Khalji, Alauddin Khalji & their military, as he describes their terrible destruction of Hindu temples.
Read 21 tweets
3 Jun
1/n
The kingdom of Sindh was ruled by its last Hindu king Raja Dahir during the 8th century. When Muhammad-bin-Qasim invaded Sindh, he decimated Sindh in his savage bloodlust. The chronicles of his advent are described in the Chachnama.
2/n
The Chachnama describes in detail how the Arabs led by butcher Qasim conquered Sindh. It tells the terrible tale of bravery, treachery, & carnage marking the entry of Islamic conquest of India’s Hindus.
3/n
When Muhammad-bin-Qasim attacked Sindh, Dahir had collected an army of 50,000 horses and marched from Brahamanabad to Rawar to face the invader. Qasim had an army that numbered in the tens of thousands with camels & horses.
Read 25 tweets

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