2,500 to 3,500 years ago, an ancient tribe settled on an island. Centuries later, they were overrun by foreign invaders. Centuries later, another wave and more later.
But 500 years ago, one of the tribe won a great victory in battle and became King.
Henry Tudor was born in 1457 to Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort. Edmund Tudor was a half brother of King Henry VI of England, while Margaret was the granddaughter of John Beaufort, legitimized half brother of King Henry IV, grandfather of Henry VI. 1/10
The Tudors were a Welsh aristocratic family, descended from a Gwynedd warrior, Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, who was related to the Welsh Kingdoms of Deheubarth and Powys. The Welsh were descended from the Celtic tribes that settled in Britain before 500 BC. 2/10
Anne Neville was born in 1456 to Richard Neville and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick. Richard Neville's aunt, Cecily Neville, was married to Richard of York, who was earlier the Lord Protector of England. 1/10
England was edging towards a civil war when Anne was born. King Henry VI was not seen fit for rule and his opponents rallied around the King's nearest adult male relative, Richard of York, dividing England into Lancastrian (Ruling) and Yorkist camps. 2/10
Petr Alekseivich was born in 1672 to Aleksei Mikhailovich, Tsar of Russia, and Natalia Narishkina. Aleksei died in 1676 and Petr's elder half brother, Feodor, became the Tsar. But Feodor was physically weak and was dominated by the Miloslaskys, his maternal family. 1/10
Feodor's death in 1682 brought Petr and his other elder half brother, Ivan, as joint Tsars. Since Ivan was also weak, their elder sister, Sofia became Regent. But by 1689, Petr had dismissed Sofia and taken over the rule. Ivan's death in 1696 gave Petr solo rule. 2/10
Ivan Vasilievich was born in 1530 to Vasily Ivanovich, Grand Prince of Moscow and Ielena Glinskaia. Vasily's death in 1533, followed by Ielena's in 1538, put Ivan and his younger brother, Iurii, in a precarious position dominated by the nobility. 1/10
Moscow had grown in power since 1263, dominating other Rus' principalities. But inter generational strife was very much present. Vasily had effectively usurped his nephew Dmitry, while Vasily's younger brothers, Iurii and Andrei, had been imprisoned in 1533 to avoid war. 2/10
Hugh Ó Néill was born around 1550 to Feardorcha Ó Néill, Baron Dungannon, and Joan Macguire. Feardorcha Ó Néill was an illegitimate son of Conn Ó Néill, the first Earl of Tyrone and the last King of Tír Eoghain. The Earldom was received when Ireland became a Kingdom in 1542. 1/10
Ó Néills hailed from the ancient Kingdom of Uí Néill in Ireland. Hugh Ó Néill's family had their base in Cenél nEógain, centred around Tír Eoghain from late 1100s. In 1542, King Henry VIII of England was declared King of Ireland and Conn Ó Néill submitted to the new King. 2/10
Encomium Emmae reginae, written in the 11th century, perhaps at the request of Emma of Normandy, Queen of England, who sons ruled England from 1040 to 1066. 1/5