It looks like the school has agency:; but its movements are decided by the fishes, each taking *individual* decisions.

Same for companies: it seems they have agency, but their behavior is caused by individual decisions of their managers, each made on individual incentives.

1/3
There is no such thing as “a company decided”.

Instead, it’s: “some of its managers decided.”

It matters, because GROUP INCENTIVES DON’T AFFECT GROUP BEHAVIOR UNLESS THEY’RE TRANSLATED INTO INDIVIDUAL INCENTIVES.
The same applies to our brain.

We’re tricked into thinking the brain has agency because it acts as one, like a fish school.

But its actions are decided at the level of its components, each sending an output based on individual internal rules.

Causality is always bottom-up.
I wrote about this phenomenon in a chapter of “The Control Heuristic”, gum.co/heuristic
Group incentives don’t affect group behavior unless they’re translated into individual incentives.

Group incentives should be disregarded from any “why did this group do X” consideration. They’re always confabulation for group behavior.

Always.

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More from @DellAnnaLuca

13 Jun
I do not recommend working *chronic* overtime, for many reasons.

But, *if* you do want to work more, do not do more of the same work you do during work-hours. What got you here won't get you there, said M. Goldsmith.

Instead, do side-projects, learn new skills, etc.
That was about *chronic* overtime. Occasional overtime is instead okay or even good, and I do believe that the younger you are, the better to do some when the need arises.

Occasional overtime is the sign of a healthy business; chronic overtime is the sign of a sick one.
Why is *chronic* overtime a problem?
- it sometimes leads to health issues and ~always to fertile grounds for frustration & motivational losses
- it takes away time from other important stuff in life
- it buries underlying problems (👇)
Read 5 tweets
5 Jun
WRITING & PUBLISHING ROAM BOOKS, THE EASY WAY

Since I've published two Roam Books, I've got many requests of help from authors who wanted to publish theirs.

Hence, I made a course: gum.co/rbooks

(more info below, 1/N)
2/ Roam Books are the future of eBooks.

(what are they? roam-books.com)
3/ Authors have many reasons to consider publishing their books also in rBook format:
- it provides more value to the reader
- it positions them as innovative
- it provides them with higher royalties
Read 9 tweets
13 May
WHAT FINES CAN TEACH ABOUT MANAGEMENT

Three lessons from the story of how yesterday I got fined for a parking violation.

(Thread, 1/N)
2/ Yesterday, I received a fine because I parked my car where I wasn’t supposed to.

Even though I’m seldom angry, this time I was furious. First of all, the “cannot park here sign” was partially hidden by a tree.

Lesson #1: managers who aren’t clear have frustrated employees.
3/ The second reason I was furious is because I parked the car in a place that wasn’t bothering anyone.

Why did the police fine me but not the car 100m away double-parked, slowing traffic down?
Read 9 tweets
13 May
THE 3 RULES OF EFFECTIVE INCENTIVES

Rule #1:
Group incentives do not affect group behavior unless they’re translated to individual incentives.

(examples below; thread)
2/ Example: a company-level pollution fine doesn’t influence company behavior unless it’s translated into fines to the individual managers (or the company fine is large enough to meaningfully affect stock price, which is an individual incentive).
3/ Rule #2:
Long-term incentives do not affect behavior unless they are translated into short-term incentives.

Example:

Read 6 tweets
11 May
One thing we learned from this pandemic: the basics of infectious diseases are not understood well and widely enough.

Basic things such as "diseases spread." The world acted as if it weren't true in January & February 2020.

1/4

Some other basic concepts that aren't clear yet, even though they costed us dearly:
- problems must be addressed not for how big they are but how big they can become
- connectivity (planes, etc.) helps diseases spread

2/4
– respiratory diseases are likely to transmit by having inhaled the air someone infected exhaled (duh, and yet…)

3/4
Read 4 tweets

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