With the help of an acquaintance, Mr Li, who lends his Landcruiser for the cause, we set out deep into the south Shanxi countryside on the trail of some magnificent temples with their share of spectacular secrets.
Come join for a long thread 🧵… 1/11
Our first stop is Youxian Temple 游仙寺 south of Gaoping.
Here the main ‘Pilu’ hall 毗卢殿, built in 970, gives a classic Song visage - elegant eaves supported by complex beams, with echoes of paint still flecked on the timber work. 2/11
To the east is isolated Chongming Temple 崇明寺, the oldest temple I’d set out to see with its central Buddha hall 中佛殿 built in 970.
Soaring eaves like unfolding wings, gorgeous timberwork propping them up, and a nice Ming rear hall to boot.
(Chased by dog on way in)
3/11
Our next stop is Nanjixiang Temple 南吉祥寺, which we cajole villagers to open up.
Stelae in the grounds show the main 过殿 central hall was built in 1030, wood still beautifully preserved, while behind it is a rear hall dating to the Yuan. 4/11
We stop for lunch, where things start to go wrong.
In fit of hospitality Mr Li decides to treat me - to hotpot with endless steam of every kind of meat (and remarkably served on slowly stripped Barbie dolls….), and two bottles of 48% proof Guizhou baijiu.
Is my day over? 5/11
But onwards! I stagger out into sunlight. Helped by @xujnx’s database, next door we find 12th century Jin temple - closed for lunch - but with its massive red-painted entrance and huge Tang masonry base giving a sense of scale.
A gulp of water and we’re back on the road…. 6/11
In Kaihua temple 开化寺 the 1073 Mahavira Hall 大雄宝殿 harbours an amazing treasure - for it’s lined entirely with sumptuous, intact Song Buddhist frescoes, with the beams painted in a matching scheme.
Alas, no photos - would that I could share. And even more yet to come… 7/11
…Chongqing Temple 崇庆寺 is a true treasure.
Both the Thousand Buddha Hall 千佛殿 (1017) and side hall stuffed with staggering Song statues, including a massive gold coated Buddha.
Behind, halls with some of the most impressive Ming sculptures I’ve ever seen. Amazing. 8/11
Faxing Temple 法兴寺, due to be our last.
Built 1080, main hall 圆觉殿 is again crammed with eye popping Song statuary, and fronted by squat Tang pagoda. All moved uphill in Republican era to build a coal mine.
But before we leave - a tip off; something down the road… 9/11
Bucun village 布村. Sceptical warden lets us in for a cigarette and introduces Jade Emperor Temple 玉帝庙.
Fore-temple 前殿 is undated. But a recent Beida expedition put it as Five Dynasties - at latest. Maybe Tang. 8-10th century.
One of China’s oldest wooden buildings. 10/11
The sagging eaves have ‘recent’ (!) Song stone columns inserted to prop them up.
In front, martial art graffiti left by occupying Japanese troops in WWII.
Behind, an in itself ancient (12th century) Jin dynasty rear hall 后殿.
Little Ruicheng 芮城 lies north of the Yellow River, amid loess plateaux and a painfully long drive from nearest train station.
But a worthwhile trek is met by Daoist Yongle Palace 永乐宫, one of China’s most rewarding temples… 1/
Eagle eyed will tell from the gatehouse the temple is old - roof style with Chiwen dragons is classic Yuan, built shortly after Kublai’s invasion of China.
Incredibly, including gatehouse, Yonglegong has *four* buildings of this pedigree - unparalleled.
But look inside…. 2/4
…where this Daoist landmark truly blew my mind is its almost totally intact interiors.
Particularly the two main halls are smothered in frescoes (based on Tang archetypes), with fully painted caisson ceilings and sunken zaojing 藻井 inverted domes.
Xi’an - or Chang’an 长安, ‘Everlasting Peace’. One of China’s most evocative ancient cities.
Miles of pristine walls and moat stretch around ancient streets full of storied temples and pagodas deeply resonant with China’s history. 1/11
Today’s walled city (black) is a shadow of its glory as the Tang’s great 7th century capital (red).
36km of crenelated walls surrounded one of the world’s biggest cities. In north, now ruined Daming palace 大明宫 nourished famed emperors.
But this wasn’t the start... 2/11
In 200 BCE Liu Bang, the first Han Emperor, relocated the seat of his capital.
Moving from the ancient heart of Chinese civilisation - the Zhou capital near present Luoyang, Henan - he chose a new site, near the Qin Shihuang’s first unified capital, NW of present Xi’an. 3/11
At long last I made it: a trip into the remote Gansu countryside to track down the town of Liqian 骊靬, to which is attached the strangest of stories: that it was founded by the lost legionnaires of Crassus, whose descendants still till the local countryside. Thread. 1/13
After defeat at the Battle of Carrhae in 53BC and death at Parthian hands, a large chunk of the Roman triumvir Crassus’ legionaries just disappear - prisoners taken to Parthian land 2/13
References in Pliny and Horace suggest they were relocated to Merv (now Turkmenistan) as slave labour building city walls, and perhaps deployed as border guards (Parthian practice).
All well and good. Until someone spotted a reference in Chinese imperial histories... 3/13