Hard-boiled and Noir are two distinct - but overlapping - genres of crime fiction. So it's no surprise that both have their roots in the same soil: a pulp magazine that broke the mould. Twice.
Let's look back at the legendary Black Mask...
"The Black Mask" started as an answer to a business problem: how could journalist H. L. Mencken and theatre critic George Jean Nathan keep their slick, influential but loss-making magazine 'The Smart Set' going?
Publishing a pulp title to subsidise it seemed to make sense.
Launched in April 1920 The Black Mask published a traditional mix of adventure, mystery, romance and detective stories. After eight issues, having made enough money, Mencken and Nathan sold the pulp title to its publishers and went back to the world of the slicks.
Today in pulp... some short-lived '80s hi-tech action heroes. These people aren't Knight Rider or Airwolf: they're the other guys!
Let's start with Automan.
Launched in 1983 Automan was Glen A. Larson's attempt to cash in on both the computer games craze and Disney's stylish movie Tron.
Neither of which were in good shape by 1983...
Automan starred Desi Arnaz, Jr. as a police computer whizz who created a holographic detective (played by Chuck Wagner) who sadly could only fight crime at night, due to the huge amounts of electricity needed to make him appear.
The Time Machine, Brave New World, 1984: these weren’t the first dystopian novels. There's an interesting history of Victorian and Edwardian literature looking at the impact of modernity on humans and finding it worrying.
Today in pulp I look at some early dystopian books…
Paris in the Twentieth Century, written in 1863, was the second novel penned by Jules Verne. However his publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel rejected it as too gloomy. The manuscript was only discovered in 1994 when Verne’s grandson hired a locksmith to break into an old family safe.
The novel, set in 1961, warns of the dangers of a utilitarian culture. Paris has street lights, motor cars and the electric chair but no artists or writers any more. Instead industry and commerce dominate and citizens see themselves as cogs in a great economic machine.
Today in pulp… a few musings on a new type of narrative structure that we’re seeing more and more in the 21st Century: the algorithmic story.
Don’t worry, it’s not that complex. Yet.
Algorithms are simply sets of well-defined rules used (often in combinations) to solve well-defined problems, or to help make ill-defined problems more solvable. Rubik’s cube is solved through algorithms, as are Google searches.
The key to their power is that they are unambiguous: rules is rules! Yet used repeatedly and in combinations they are extremely powerful. And they’re not always tied to the thing they operate on: a good algorithm can be applied to anything.
In the mid-1960s one TV show took the world by storm: Batman! But did you know how popular he was in Japan?
Let's look back at a fascinating slice of comic book history - BatManga!
The 1966 Batman TV show created a wave of Batmania in Japan. Batman toys, records and games flew off the shelves. The popular weekly magazine Shōnen King were determined to capitalise on it.
So they approached DC Comics for the rights to write and draw their own Batman stories for the Japanese market. DC agreed, and these were published in Shōnen King between 1966 and 1967.