I'm sure quite a few here have seen this overhead clip of Pete Rose done quite a few yrs back by Jack Mankin:
I consider this to be one of THE greatest clips ever that really helps to clarify what a high level swing actually looks like. Why? Well, one needs to understand the historical context of this clip.
Going back to around circa 2001 or thereabouts, aside from Paul Nyman's lead arm swing models, NO one had really shown this kind of clip of the relatively circular path of the knob from initiation to contact.
And to Jack's great credit, no one [aside from the info from Setpro], had so described how the bat/hand movement is almost entirely a function of TRUNK ROTATION.
Jack comments on the STABILITY of the flexion angle of the lead elbow joint [from initiation to contact] and makes mention of the "pendulum effect" of the arms linked to the trunk.
These are very correct observations that I have tried to further explain, detail, and operationalize, so to speak, over the last 15 or so yrs.
I would only add to Jack's very astute observations, a couple of points:
1] Note that the upper lead arm stays along the shoulder line and very close to the lead pectoralis from initiation to contact.
2] Note also the degree of hip flexion---that results in the head/shoulders much more "over the plate", so to speak, relative to the hip line.
Note also as to how the back arm elbow aligns to the back hip joint from initiation to contact.
This kind of "geometry" so to speak of the spine angle [due to hip flexion], the lead arm, and the back arm, are critical components in what I refer to....
.....as creating very good bat/body ALIGNMENT from initiation to contact.
THIS kind of geometry is a key part of my very simple explanation of elite hitters:
Elite level hitters know how to create very good bat/body alignment and very good rotation [trunk rotation which optimizes speed, magnitude, timing].
Again great credit to Jack for his very astute observations as regards some very fundamentally correct points he made about a high level swing.
I have many times talked about the motor learning concept of....the "action-perception gap" [or differential] regarding what athletes THINK they are doing. As opposed to what they ACTUALLY do.
Aside from the VERY starkly drawn "differential" between Sammy Sosa's on deck swings [wherein he JUST moved the arms/bat in an almost straight down trajectory] as contrasted with his ACTUAL game swings....
....there may be no better ex. than the comparison of Pense's on deck vs actual game swings. Here's a clip of the on deck swing:
In a recent thread post I talked about Jim McClean's [golf instructor] concept of the "hip rise."
Here's a good slo-mo clip of Prince Fielder showing this [further slow it down via the .25 settings]:
Note the hip line change from relatively horizontal to the ground to much more DIAGAONAL to the ground from lead heel up to foot plant.
Also note---and this is very important---that though the lead shoulder "dips" [due to lead side lateral flexion] at heel up, by foot plant the shoulder line is more symmetrical [the "dip" is not there so to speak].
Go to about 2:31 of this clip of Ohtani:
[and slow it down to .25 using the settings]:
There are a number of functional parameters I want to emphasize.
1] Note the lead leg/knee "cocking" [internal rotation] at set-up [heel up]. Note that the FIRST movement from that point is the HIP action. The hips are counter-rotating [eccentric "twisting"].
I first saw him in the lunch line in spring training [circa 1972 ]. I was right next to him in the line and my first impression was ..."DAMN look at the hip to shoulder ratio ...this guy --at 6'8"-- is built like a damn bodybuilder!"
As a 17 yr. old guy, who was pretty well recruited for college football I had been around some pretty decent physical specimens. But I had met NO ONE quite like J.R. in terms of physicality.
Here's a DAMN GOOD! ex. of the lead side functioning really well [lead leg/lead hip]:
[Also, this is a damn good ex. of a no-stride "twist/untwist" wherein the lead leg and back hip internally rotate to load].
Note the lead foot/knee landing "square" to the plate as the leg reverses the internal rotation. This alignment best approximates the "athletic position".
This leg posture facilitates greater stability [as opposed to opening --external rotation] of the femur/knee. It also creates greater potential RESISTENCE against the hip rotation.
Well, I don't want to go into the weeds too much here [again twitter ain't the place for in depth shit!!], but here's something from Paul Nyman yrs. ago [which I read then] on elastic energy:
Within this he cites some research about elastic energy. The entire article is relevant/interesting. But there's one key phrase I have found to be VERY interesting [over the yrs since I saw this --around 2001]:
"Research has shown that by increasing the speed of the stretching phase and resisting the stretching movement by applying greater tension in the muscle(s) being stretched, there is an increase in the storage of elastic energy."