Thread by @chockshandle

ஆரம்பிக்கலாமா?

அறிமுகம் மட்டுமே தமிழில் உள்ளது பின்னது ஆங்கிலத்தில் எழுதப்பட்டு உள்ளது.

புதியப்பறவை படம் பார்த்து இருக்கீங்களா? அதுல ஒரு வசனம் வரும் உருவம், குரல், உயரம் எல்லாம் ஒரே மாதிரி இருக்கலாம் ஆனா ரேகை? ரேகை? ஹான்? ரேகை ஒரே மாதிரி இருக்க முடியாது இருக்கவே முடியாது.

குமார் உண்மையை சொல்லி இந்த பேய்கள இங்கேயிருந்து விரட்டு. சொல்லு! கோபால் ஐ எம் சாரி! ரெண்டும் ரேகையும் ஒரே மாதிரி இருக்கு. ஹான்? விளையாடுறியா? ரெண்டு ரேகையும் எப்படி ஒரே மாதிரி இருக்க முடியாது?

புரிந்ததா? தடா அறிவியல் (Forensics Science) குறித்த அறிமுகத்தை தான் பார்க்க போகிறோம்.

Synopsis

1.Introduction
2.Areas of Forensic Science
3.Modern Forensic Science
4.Crime Novels
5.First Forensic Laboratory
6.Forensics Science Sections
7.Fingerprint Impression
8.Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
9.Conclusion
10.Reference

Introduction

# Forensics mean observations and experiments using scientific techniques.

# It is also defined as inspecting the reliability and validity of the evidence and arriving to a logical conclusion using the evidence.

# Forensic Medicine = Doctors investigating a body to know the cause of injuries or death

# Forensic Science = Specialists investigating drugs, ballistics, DNA, documents, physical evidence and fingerprints.

Areas of Forensic Science

# Archaeology = Reconstructing the past events

# Arts = Examining the originality of artefacts

# Disasters = Reconstructing disaster events

# Politics = Prosecution of war criminals

# Crime = Identification of suspects

# Sports = Testing of drugs

Modern Forensic Science

# French Criminologist Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) was considered as a father of modern forensic science.

# One of his famous quote was "every contact leaves a trace" which came to be known as Locard's exchange principle.

He went to say that "wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves,

the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects. All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are.

It is factual evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its value".

Crime Novels

# Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930) was a Scottish doctor who had an unsuccessful career and so he started writing stories just to pass his free time.

# He played a major role in conceptualising forensics using literature through his Sherlock Holmes book series

long before the recognition of forensics as an investigation tool on legal grounds.

First Forensic Laboratory

# In France, first forensic laboratory was founded by Edmond Locard in 1910.

# In Canada, first forensic laboratory was founded by Lomer Gouin in 1914.

# In Germany, first forensic laboratory was founded by Robert Heindl in 1915.

# In United States, first forensic laboratory was founded by Los Angeles Police Department (L.A.P.D) Chief August Vollmer in 1924 and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) crime laboratory was founded in 1932.

# In United Kingdom, first forensic laboratory was founded by Metropolitan Police Service (M.P.S - Scotland Yard) in 1935.

# In India, first forensic laboratory was founded by Dr.B.C.Roy in 1952 at Kolkata.

Forensics Science Sections

# Physical Science = Analysis of physical and chemical properties to compare and identify the evidence through chemical tests, microscopy, spectroscopy, fragments and explosives.

# Voice Analysis = Identification of speech, language, speaker, gender, emotion, age and locating keywords from the speech.

# Criminal Profiling = Analysis of behavioural characteristics to assess whether he/she likely to have committed a crime.

# Documents = Analysis of faked and forged documents through handwriting, prints, paper and ink scrutiny.

# Hair Analysis = Extracting DNA from hair samples to identify suspect and victim.

# Polygraph = Detection of changes in physiological characteristics using lie detector.

# DNA Profiling = Analysis of DNA is crucial and most reliable evidence in forensics.

# Cyber Forensics = Focusing on the recovery of digital data and electronic trails.

# Firearms = Analysis of guns, bullets, cartridge cases and firearm damages.

# Photography = Identification of real and fake photographs.

# Forensic Odontology = Evaluation of the dental evidence.

# Forensic Toxicology = Examination of drugs and poisons.

# Forensic Entomology = Analysis of insects related to the crime.

# Forensic Geology = Analysis of various minerals found on the earth to know the composition rates.

# Forensic Anthropology = Analysis of skeleton is a helpful technique used when the body is found after decomposition.

# Forensic Facial Reconstruction = Reconstruction of skull using clay method or graphical method to identify the person.

# Forensic Serology = Detection of biological materials like blood, semen, saliva and urine in order to link the suspect and victim to the scene.

# Forensic Botany = Study of botanical evidences like pollen, spores, seeds, leaves, flowers, fruits and wood in establishing relation among articles, place, suspect and victim.

Fingerprint Impression

# Fingerprint impression is used for identification of individuals.

# Fingerprints don't change over an individual's lifetime and no two fingerprints are exactly the same including identical twins.

# So, it is widely used in criminal cases to identify the suspect and victim.

# Ancient usage of fingerprints can be traced to Babylonian empire and Chinese Qin empire while modern usage of fingerprints can be traced to British Raj.

# In July 1858, Jangipur Chief Magistrate William James Herschel collected fingerprint from local businessman Rajyadhar Konai to seal official documents for a government deal.

# In 1880s, Mark Twain & Francis Galton (Cousin of Charles Darwin) were quite famous for popularising

usage of fingerprint analysis.

# Mark Twain's fiction books Life on the Mississippi (1883) and Pudd'n Head Wilson (1894) used fingerprints to identify a murderer.

# Anthropologist Francis Galton studied fingerprints for individuals identification & established the systematic

classification of fingerprints.

# He published Finger Prints (1892), Decipherment of Blurred Finger Prints (1893) and Fingerprint Directories (1895).

# Argentine Police Officer Juan Vucetich began first fingerprint files based on Francis Galton's fingerprint pattern analysis.

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

# Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is an important tool in forensic serology section which is used to reconstruct the crime scene using the amount of blood and type of patterns.

# Impact spatter occurs when a weapon strikes a victim and the subsequent bloodshed is circular rather than elongated.

# Back spatter occurs when blood splatters on attacker and forward spatter occurs when blood leaks from the victim's wound and splatters on nearby surfaces.

# Speed of the weapon used in the attack can affect the magnitude of the blood spatter and the attack can be classed as high, medium and low velocity.

# Gunshot wounds yield little droplets due to High Velocity Splatter which normally happens at a speed of 100 feet per second

& produces blood droplets that are 1 millimetre in diameter or smaller.

# Medium Velocity Splatter refers to bodily harm induced by a strong blow with a dull object that also results in cast-off blood patterns and in this category, blood droplets ranging 1-4 millimetres in

length are typically created at velocities of 5 to 25 feet per second.

# Blood dripping from the person usually causes Low Velocity Spatter.

Conclusion

# Forensic Science is an important tool to investigate and research civil or criminal cases.

# It is used to determine nature, cause, time and relevant WH questions with regards to murders, accidents, crashes, theft and frauds.

# Agenda of forensic scientist is to establish if case was accidental, environmental, occupational, deliberate murder or foul play (duplicity).

Galton Fingerprints

galton.org/fingerprinter.…

Science of Forensics



Overview of Digital Forensics



Introduction to Forensic Science (NTU)

coursera.org/learn/forensic…

Father of Forensic Science Branches

forensicfield.blog/fathers-of-var…

Basics of Forensics Science (My Blog) 🔽

chocksvlog.blogspot.com/2021/07/basics…

// திருத்தம் //

1. தடா அறிவியல் அல்ல அது தடய அறிவியல்.

2. ரெண்டு ரேகையும் எப்படி ஒரே மாதிரி இருக்க முடியாது?அல்ல எப்படி ஒரே மாதிரி இருக்க முடியும்?

*Typo 🙏