Did you know? Hernan Cortes was the last European commander to have used a trebuchet catapult as a siege weapon in 1521 when he besieged the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. By then trebuchets were no longer in use in Europe. What made him do it? Very funny story, I explain... ImageImageImage
According to conquistador Bernal Diaz there was a man in Cortes' unit who was a bit of a braggart and kept boasting about serving in the Italian Wars and fighting at Garigliano for the legendary Spanish El Gran Capitan Gonzalo de Cordoba against the French.
Not only did this man boast about his supposed military prowess and heroism in the Italian Wars but he also claimed that during his stay in Italy, he obtained profound knowledge of war-engines and siege weapons, and knew how to construct them!
This man boasted that with his knowledge he could construct a powerful catapult that would make the Aztecs capitulate and make them beg for mercy in mere two days! He kept talking and talking about it and eventually talked Cortes into it, "for this man was a great talker" (Diaz).
The Spanish followed this man's plan and brought lime and stone and wood, and carpenters and nails and all that was needed for constructing this mighty catapult. They made two slings of strong rope and cords, and brought up great stones to use them for ammunition.
This monster of a catapult was finally ready to fire. But when they finally placed a suitable stone and discharged it, there was a great disappointment! All the stone did was to rise to the height of the catapult and fall back to its original place! Cortez was very annoyed!
He wasn't just annoyed at the man who talked him into it, but also at himself for believing his supposed engineering knowledge! He said that the man had proved that nothing was more prejudical to war than talk and had the catapult destroyed!

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More from @LandsknechtPike

16 Jul
Today is the anniversary of the glorious battle of Las Navas de Tolosa fought on 16 July 1212, the most famous and crucial battle of the Spanish Reconquista! The joined crusader force of Christian knights defeated the mighty Mohammedan army of the Almohad Caliphate! Deus vult! Image
The reason why this battle was so crucial was that it followed a string of successes of the Almohads, the mighty Caliphate that replaced the former Moroccan Almoravid dynasty by 1147 and imposed a much more strict form of Islam, treating other religions worse than past rulers. ImageImage
The Almohads secured an important victory over the Christian forces of Castille in 1195 in the battle of Alarcos after which they captured a lot of Castillian cities and castles. The Mohammedans were on the offensive and Spain and entire Christendom was alarmed by their advance. ImageImage
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15 Jul
The epic 1515 battle of Marignano was fought between the French (led by young king Francis I) and the Swiss over two days and became known as the battle of the giants! The decisive encounter of the War of the League of Cambrai and one of the bloodiest clashes of the Italian Wars! Image
Before the War of the League of Cambrai started in 1508, the French held the Duchy of Milan and the war started with them invading Venice and crushing them in 1509. But in the next years, the alliances shifted and the tide turned against the French who ended up ousted from Italy! Image
The Duchy of Milan was occupied by Swiss mercenaries who beat the French at Novara in 1513 and installed Maximilian Sforza as the Duke of Milan. The French new ally Venice was beaten in the same year by Spanish-Imperial forces near Vicenza. Things looked bad for France in Italy! ImageImage
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14 Jul
The battle of La Motta was another significant battle of the Italian Wars, fought on 7 October 1513 between Republic of Venice and combined forces of Spain and Holy Roman Empire. Venice lost yet another battle, but its enemies were once again unable to take advantage of victory! Image
Another battle that happened during the War of the League of Cambrai (1508-1516), a particularly bloody episode during the Italian Wars where territory of Venice was often contested. Venetian forces were already crushed in 1509 at the battle of Agnadello, but had recovered. Image
Despite defeat, Venice was able to restore its possessions in the Italian Mainlands, the Terrafirma. Meanwhile the forces of the anti-Venetian League of Cambrai were busy fighting each other. In 1513, Venitians would ally with the French who had previously crushed them in 1509. ImageImage
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14 Jul
On to the next major battle of the Italian wars, the battle of Novara fought on 6 June 1513 between France and the Swiss for the control over the Duchy of Milan. This battle was the high point of the Swiss mercenaries during the Italian Wars, routing the larger French army! Image
This battle was the next major battle after the bloody 1512 clash at Ravenna where the French beat the Spanish-Papal force of the Holy League alliance. Despite their victory, the French army collapsed soon after due their brilliant young commander Gaston of Foix dying in battle. Image
While the French managed to practically annihilate their opposing army, their casualties were also very high and without the charismatic leadership of Foix, the army disbanded. The French occupation of Duchy of Milan and other parts of northern Italy was now unsustainable. Image
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12 Jul
One of the things that made historic European kingdoms and empires so powerful was their ability to learn from their defeats very quickly and come back stronger immediately. It was not rare in European history that the greatest days would come after the most bitter defeats!
This is why I'm also optimistic about the future. Europeans never get defeated, they learn lessons instead! What Europe is experiencing right now is a painful lesson, but people will learn a lot from it and come back stronger and wiser. Learn history and you will see what happens
For example Gonzalo de Cordoba and his Spanish forces humiliated at Seminara in First Italian War. Learns from it, comes back with a totally new pike and shot tactic that ensures Spanish dominance for 150 years.
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12 Jul
I continue with the Italian Wars with the 1509 battle of Agnadello, a disaster for the Republic of Venice defeated by the mighty French army! Machiavelli famously said of this battle that in one day Venetians "lost what it had taken them eight hundred years' exertion to conquer."
The previous Italian War had ended in 1504 with peace between France and Spain but during those days peace would last very short in Italy! In the previous wars, France had already conquered the Duchy of Milan and Kingdom of Naples, which eventually ended in Spanish hands.
The Papal States also managed to expand with the army led by Cesare Borgia, the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI, but when his father died, he lost the favor of the papacy. The territories of the Papal States began collapsing and Venice took the opportunity to expand.
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