this individual wild pine is, incredibly, shown on a map from the 1870s. i tracked it down and found lots of old pine stumps around it, indicating that its the sole survivor of a 2nd ancient pinewood in Glen Loyne. some thoughts... (thread)
the context the stumps provide is critically important - this isn't just a random tree, its the remains of something much greater. because of this, some of the other wildlife from the preceding wood may still survive here (eg. lichens, mosses, fungi & inverts growing on/in it)
the pine is the what drew me here, but the scattered birch and rowan are wild trees too - likely also survivors from the preceding wood. they provide further opportunities for old woodland associated species to cling on
stream-sides and ravines often harbour yet more survivors, like this single clump of bog blaeberry growing nearby. bog blaeberry can be a major component of the pinewood understory in Norway
the surviving pine is still producing plenty of cones (likely receiving pollen from the other relict pinewood in Glen Loyne), and the birch and rowan still have the capacity to naturally regenerate too
so places like this are actually ultra-fragmented ancient woodlands - the original wood has not (yet!) been erased. these surviving wild trees & other plants still have the capacity to spread back out if browsing pressure is sufficiently reduced. eg at other relict in Glen Loyne:
so it freaks me out that these ancient woods are:
1) not recognised as existing at all
2) not recognised as an urgent priority for restoration despite being one bad storm from annihilation
3) bc of the above, at high risk of being converted to plantation @MairiGougeon pls help

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More from @collbradan

8 May
Cam Dhoire (the crooked wood), an Ancient Woodland in Glen Mallie, Lochaber

like so many now remote woods in the Highlands, this place has almost been erased - culturally by the expulsion of people from the Glen during the clearances, and physically by centuries of overbrowsing
the 2 are of course interrelated: much of the Highlands was cleared of people to make way for large scale sheep ranching, made possible by the extermination of wolves. without wolves or effective mgmt, deer now perpetuate ecological impacts of ranching even after sheep removal
consequently, places like Cam Dhoire are falling apart - for centuries sheep/deer have eaten all of the young trees, so when old ones die there is nothing to replace them. this is only possible because of earlier cultural erasure, which prevents us from responding effectively
Read 7 tweets
10 Feb
this shoulder of woodland may be one the richest sites for rare plants in Co. Derry. although a 'Site of Local Nature Conservation Importance', it is imminently threatened by quarrying - which is able to take place without ecological safeguards due to a planning loophole (thread)
why is this wood so rich? the trees here have grown up amongst giant boulders, which have likely provided protection from grazing livestock for centuries. as a result, many of the species here are absent from woods in the surrounding landscape
there are signs that the wood may be ancient (around since at least 1650):
🌳 many trees have large stools and multiple stems (pics 1&2)
🌳 old-woodland associated lichens are present (pic 3)
🌳 there's a high diversity of woodland wildflowers (pic 4)
@WoodlandTrust
Read 7 tweets
31 Dec 20
within 12 years, Scotland plans to create around 10 Glasgows-worth of new 'woodland', primarily through tree planting.

what if i told you that this could not only be done, but done better, *without* planting a single tree?

thread:
firstly, trees have managed to successfully plant themselves for at least 385 million years. they're actually really good at it! if they weren't, they'd not have made it back to Scotland after the last ice age.

we call trees planting themselves 'natural regeneration'
natural regeneration is the reason most ancient woods in the Highlands exist - they're made up of *wild trees*, descendants of those that recolonised Scotland after the ice age.

wild trees are generally more variable than planted ones (both genetically and in form):
Read 12 tweets
18 Oct 20
1) for the last 60 years, we've been funding a campaign to exterminate Europe's wildlife. through the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), hundreds of billions of euros of public money have been funnelled into destroying wildlife-rich meadows, woods, wetlands and rivers
2) while the precise formula has varied over the years, CAP essentially requires farmers to wreck nature in order to receive larger subsidies. agricultural intensification - responsible for so much pollution and wildlife loss - is one of CAP's core aims
3) CAP also favours larger farms over small ones, which twinned with intensification has driven down the number of people actually working the land.
in 1973 Ireland had around 263000 farm workers versus only ~85000 today (iiea.com/wp-content/upl…)
Read 9 tweets
14 Jun 20
in 2010 this was a lawn
since then, its been allowed to grow all spring and summer, followed by cutting and removing clippings in autumn/winter

*we didn't resow* - most of the plants you can see spread naturally when released from frequent mowing
if we had resown, we'd have unwittingly wiped out our (then unknown) population of adder's tongue fern - a rare plant of old grasslands

(centre of the pic, doesn't look much like a fern at all!)
Read 5 tweets
5 Jun 20
large herbivores, trees and flowers: an Irish and Scottish perspective 🐂🌳🌼(thread, a bit detailed).

outside of cities, our surroundings are massively shaped by the actions of large herbivores - cattle, horses, sheep and deer - alongside our efforts to manage or exploit them
in the lowlands, our efforts to exploit cattle primarily determines how the landscape looks (intensively managed grass fields), except in surviving woods, wetlands and meadows.

in the uplands the actions of the herbivores themselves are more important (the focus of this thread)
large herbivores mainly influence vegetation by feeding. when they eat trees and other woody plants we call this browsing, and when they eat grasses, wildflowers and other non-woody plants we call this grazing.
the rate of browsing/grazing is how much they eat over time
Read 16 tweets

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